Humanistic

• • Free will and hierarchy of needs (Maslow 1943)
  • Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self actualisation

  Rogers (1959), unconditional positive regard (we develop conditions of worth without this), ideal self and self image, issues due to incongruence
• • Maslow’s hierarchy linked to economic development, the more rich a country is the more high up the citizens are towards actualisation (Hagerty 1999)
• • Research to support Rogers, Harter et al (1996) teens less likely to like themselves if they see parent's love as conditional (create a false, likeable self, likely to develop depression, ect)
• • Humanistic not scientifically rooted (non experimental), and difficult to prove a cause and effect
• • Approach overly optimistic and does not account pessimism, self destructive actions, ect, doesn't consider situations and only preaches self help
• Hierarchy not universally applicable, Nevis 1983, in China belongingness seen as more important than physiological needs and self actualisation more community oriented