Ecosystems, food webs, food chains and biomes

• Biotic - living components
• Abiotic - non living components
• Producer - plants that use sunlight to make their own food (photosynthesis)
• Consumer - organisms that obtain energy from other organisms by feeding on them
• Primary consumer - plant eating animals like rabbits
• Secondary consumer - animals that feed on the herbivores like foxes
• Different parts of an ecosystem

  Animals: animals found in the woodland are part of multiple species

  Plants: They provide food and shelter for animals

  Rocks: weathering releases nutrients stored in rocks into the soil

  Soils: these are homed to insects and decomposers

  Fungi and bacteria: Decomposers that break down dead material

  Climate: Sun and rain are needed for photosynthesis
• In a food web, the arrows show the transfer of energy
• Coniferous forest

  Roughly 50-60 degrees north of the equator (UK and Europe)

  Warm summers (18 degrees)

  Cool winters (5 degrees)

  Precipitation all year round with an average of 1000mm a year

  Trees such as oak and birch
• Tundra

  From 60-70 degrees north of the equator (Canada and North Europe)

  Temperatures below 0 for most of the year

  Reaches 10 degrees in the summer

  Most wildlife cannot live
• Deciduous forest

  50 degrees from the equator (UK , Canada, Scandinavia)

  The Vegetation have adapted to rainy and sunny climate

  The sun rays are weaker so the trees shed leaves in the winter
• Mediterranean

  40-45 degrees from the equator (South Europe, Western Australia)

  Average monthly rainfall 10-80mm

  Average temperatures 15-30 degrees

  Vegetation include olive trees and fruit trees
• Desert

  30 degrees from the equator (Africa)

  Very hot all year (30+ degrees)

  Cool nights

  Less than 250mm of rainfall a year

  Plants store water in their roots
• Tropical grassland

  15-30 degrees from the equator (Africa)

  Hot all year 25-35 degrees.

  500-1000mm of rainfall a year
• Temperate grassland

  30-40 degrees from the equator (Asia)

  Hot in the summer 25 degrees

  Average rainfall of 500-900mm a year