paper 1

• method for making soluble salts:

  • add a fixed volume of dilute sulfuric acid to a beaker
  • gently heat with a Bunsen burner
  • use a spatular to add small amounts of copper oxide until powder remains after stirring with a glass rod
  • filter the unreacted copper oxide with a funnel and filter paper into a conical flask
  • put the copper sulphate solution in an evaporating basin and leave for the crystals to form
• method for titrations:

  • using a pipette, transfer 25cm3 sodium hydroxide solution to a conical flask
  • add 5 drops of indicator to the alkali
  • fill a burette with sulfuric acid and measure the volume
  • add drops of the acid to the alkali and swirl the flask until the solution is neutral and goes through a colour change
  • read the volume of acid added from the burette