PAST 16 MARKERS

• MSM


  1. Clive Wearing

  2. Primary-recency (15 word lists)

  3. Level of processing (60 words, 17% | 65%)
• LTM


  1. Clive Wearing (brain damage may have meant he performed badly)

  2. Brain scans

  3. Declarative memory
• Explaining phobias


  1. Individual differences

  2. Research support (Little Albert, Sue et al.)

  3. Seligman
• Treatments for phobias


  i) Systematic Desensitisation

  1. Research Support (42, spiders, 3/33)

  2. Appropriateness (underlying evolutionary component)

  
  

  ii) Flooding

  1. Research support (65%, 4)

  2. Appropriateness (vulnerable)
• Explaining depression


  1. Research support (automatic negative thoughts + Beck's depression inventory - +0.7)

  2. Alternative explanations (environmental reductionism, neurotransmitters)

  3. Practical applications
• Treatments for depression


  1. More effective than drug treatments (170, 6 months, combination)

  2. Individual differences - appropriateness

  3. Research support (90%)
• Care-giver infant interactions


  i) Reciprocity

  1. Controlled observation (0.92, demand)

  2. Contradicting (live + videotape, not actually responding because bond has been formed)

  
  

  ii) Interactional Synchrony

  1. Socially Sensitive
• Ainsworth Strange Situation


  1. High reliability (Bick - 94%)

  2. Ecological validity? (unfamiliar room/know being filmed = distorts mother&children's behaviour, Vaughn + Waters)

  3. Ethnocentric (imposed etic)
• Cultural variations


  1. High reliability (94%)

  2. Ethnocentric

  3. Problem with meta-analysis (large sample)
• Explanations of attachment
• Maternal Deprivation


  1. Methodological issues (retrospective data)

  2. Privation

  3. Real world application (hospital, prison)
• Romanian orphans (institusionalisation)


  1. Longitudinal (real life consequences - draw clearer conclusions)

  2. Lack internal validity (personality)

  3. Real world application (1:3
• Role of father


  1. Importance (same/single parents)

  2. Support for men not equipped (low level infant distress, oestrogen)

  3. Socially sensitive