Russia all blobs

• How the Bolsheviks defeated the rebels at Kronstadt

  Using army of loyal troops
• Germany surrendered


  November 1918
• Tsar's punishment


  Army 25 year conscription
• Where the Church was strong

  Amongst peasants
• 55/125m people in Russia were Russian
• Russification


  The process of attempting to impose Russian language and culture onto people
• Nobles owned 25% of the land during the Tsar's reign
• Serfdom abolished


  1861
• What peasants had to pay during the Tsar's reign


  Redemption payments
• Peasants' life expectancy was less than 40 years during the Tsar's reign
• Workers worked 12-15 hours per day during the Tsar's reign
• 40% of houses in the city had no water or sewage system during the Tsar's reign
• Short term causes of the 1905 revolution

  • Defeated by Japan
  • Bloody Sunday
• Bloody Sunday


  22nd January 1905
• Who led Bloody Sunday

  Father Gapon
• 200,000 were involved in Bloody Sunday
• 200 were killed in Bloody Sunday
• What happened in the Black Sea fleet

  Potemkin Mutiny
• Potemkin Mutiny


  June 1905
• What the Tsar did to resolve the 1905 revolution

  • Treaty of Portsmouth to end the war
  • October Manifesto to end redemption payments
• The Soviets were crushed by the army and their leaders arrested in late 1905
• What the Octobrists and Kadets had in common

  • Focus on elected assembly and had little support from the masses
• Party with peasant interests

  Social Revolutionaries
• The Social Revolutionaries committed 2,000 assassinations between 1901-1905
• Marxist party with workers' interests

  Social Democrats
• Social Democrats split into

  Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
• What the Bolsheviks wanted to achieve

  Proletarian revolution
• What the Mensheviks wanted to do

  Apply Marxist ideas
• After repressing the 1905 revolution, Tsar Nicholas retracted his promises made in the October Manifesto
• How Stolypin repressed opposition

  Used brutal methods e.g. military courts and Siberian prison
• 20k people went to Siberian prisons because of Stolypin
• The 2nd Duma was formed in 1907 and lasted for 4 months
• How the Tsar imposed control over voting after the 2nd Duma


  Nobility elected 1/2 while peasants elected 1/5
• 15% of peasants benefited from Stolypin's land reforms
• There was record high grain production in 1913 because of Stolypin
• 4 million peasants moved to Siberia in 1906-1914, and 1 million returned
• The population of St. Petersburg increased from 1.3 million to 2.1 million
• What workers at Lena Goldfield mines demanded

  • Greater pay
  • 8 hour shifts
• Lena Goldfields strike


  1912
• 250 workers were injured and 270 killed at Lena Goldfield