SS Study Guide Mod. 9

• Warren G. Harding


  Republican president from Ohio elected in 1920
• Calvin Coolidge


  Became president when Harding died; reelected to office in Teapot Dome scandal
• Teapot Dome scandal: A bribery scandal during the Harding administration, involving the illegal leasing of federal oil reserves.
• Kellogg-Briand Pact


  Unenforceable agreement among 62 nations to outlaw war
• Model T


  Low-cost automobile invented by Ford
• Moving assembly line production system

  Moves parts between groups of workers
• Herbert Hoover


  President elected in 1928 with promises for more prosperity
• As the war ended, millions of soldiers came home. However, factories had stopped making war supplies, so many people could not find jobs.
• Demand for goods was high, so prices rose.
• People who did have jobs, though, couldn't afford the goods, so many went on strike for higher wages.
• Harding promised a return to "normalcy." After he was elected, Harding worked hard to strengthen the economy.
• Harding used tax cuts for the wealthy as an incentive to invest in business. As a result, an economic boom started.
• Harding's term in office was filled with problems outside the economy. Several appointees used their power to get wealthy by illegal means.
• When Harding died in 1923, Vice-President Coolidge became president, He acted quickly lo clean up the government.
• Coolidge was more probusiness than Harding. He pushed tax cuts and higher tariffs.
• During Coolidge's term, the United States and 14 other nations signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact. However, there was no way to enforce the effort to ban war.
• Henry Ford built the Model T, a car many people could afford. He reduced costs using a moving assembly line. Ford raised wages and reduced the workday to eight hours. He also hired workers that other factories would not hire, such as African Americans and people with disabilities.
• Millions found jobs in the automobile industry.
• Travel increased, spurring business. Companies produced goods that took advantage of the increasing number of homes with electricity.
• Flappers


  Young women in the 1920s who challenged traditional women's roles
• Red Scare


  Period of fear of Communists and radicals in the United States
• Twenty-First Amendment


  Constitutional amendment that repealed prohibition
• Fundamentalism


  Belief in a word-for-word interpretation of the Bible
• Scopes trial


  The trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution in school
• Great Migration


  The movement of African Americans to northern cities
• Marcus Garvey


  Black leader who encouraged black people to express pride in their culture
• Talkie


  Motion picture with sound
• Jazz Age


  Name given to the 1920s due to the popularity of jazz music
• Harlem Renaissance


  Period of African American artistic accomplishment in New York City
• Langston Hughes


  Poet and writer who wrote about African American life
• Lost Generation


  Writers in the 1920s who criticized American society
• Expatriates


  People who live outside their home country
• Georgia O'Keeffe


  Innovative artist famous for her detailed drawings of flowers
• The radio helped build a new national culture during the 1920s. People from around the country were able to share common experiences.
• Radio networks broadcast the same programs to hundreds of stations at a time.
• Movies also opened up a new, exciting means of entertainment and adventure. Fans were thrilled by the first movie with sound, or talkie.
• The first talkie, The Jazz Singer, premiered in 1927. Movie stars became heroes to millions of Americans.
• Fans packed baseball stadiums and other athletic events. George Herman "Babe" Ruth broke home-run records. He brought many new fans to the sport of baseball.
• Pilots, such as Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart, became nationally known as they broke flight records.
• New ideas such as psychoanalysis entered popular culture.