REVIEWER (ARALIN!)

• Fetal circulation: how many umbilical cords are present?

  1 vein only (that carry blood to the fetus)

  2 arteries (carry deoxygenated blood to the placenta)
• Ductus arteriosus 


  It passes by Fetal Lungs

  Hole in aorta connected to pulmonary artery
• Where is the umbilical vein connected?

  Inferior Vena Cava
• Mother has postpartum hemorrhage. What is the pinaka early sign if there is excessive bleeding or blood loss?

  Pulse Rate Increases
• The patient's uterus is malambot due to excessive bleeding. What should we do to make the fundus firm?

  Massage the fundus to become firm
• What type of disorder do you give aspirin to? (Problem in brain, swelling in liver)

  Reye's Syndrome
• Pinaka cardinal sign ng pyloric stenosis of baby?

  Projectile Vomiting
• Prior to projectile vomiting, what do you notice to the child's abdomen?

  Wave-like motion in abdomen
• When does projectile vomiting happen?

  30 mins to 1 hr after feeding
• Nagsusuka na si baby, what can you assess sa baby? What can you see?

  Hunger after feeding
• If there is hunger after feeding, the baby may experience?

  Dehydration
• Causative agent of palatine tonsilitis?

  Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus
• What will happen if there is untreated tonsilitis?

  rheumatic heart disease and rheumatic heart fever
• How can we know if the baby has bleeding after undergoing tonsillectomy?

  Frequent swallowing
• Can we suction the baby if there is frequent swallowing after tonsillectomy?

  No since it can cause trauma and may scare the baby
• What are the seen early signs of Congenital heart disease - heart failure?

  Cynatonic

  Tachycardia

  No cough
• The child has very mild symptoms of CHD, when they grow up, what will you notice?

  Activity intolerance
• 4 Defects in Tetralogy of Fallot

  Pulmonary stenosis

  ventricular septal defect

  Right ventricular hypertrophy

  overriding of the aorta
• What are 2 most needed medications needed to treat the Swelling in Croup?

  Dexamethasone

  Epinepherine
• What kind of walking(gait) in Spastic paraplegia?

  Stiff or paraparesis?
• What part of your body you can't flex when you have meningitis?

  Legs
• What part of the vertebrae do you puncture in the lumbar puncture test?

  Lumbar area - between L3 and L4 and subarachnoid spaces
• What do you fluid do you get during lumbar puncture test?

  Cerebrospinal fluid
• What disorder is present on the child is there is cloudy, increasing glucose and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid?

  Bacterial Meningitis
• Two Types of Meningitis

  Viral

  Bacterial
• What are the more severe type of meningitis?

  Viral Meningitis
• There is fluid buildup in the right ventricle of the brain, leading to pressure and enlargement.

  Hydrocephalus
• What is seen on the back of patients with spina bifida?

  Sac or hernia
• Ano meron kapag may omphalocele?

  Sac
• Ano meron kapag may gastrochisis?

  no skin muscle, organs protrude
• How does umbilical hernia happen?

  There is force on the abdomen of the child
• The patient has congenital diaphragmatic hernia. So ano meron kay patient?

  Hole in the diaphragm and there will be malrotation in the gastrointestinal tract where the intestines will go to the chest area
• What disorder is associated to pasty stool under IBD

  Ulcerative Colitis
• Where do you auscultate for heart murmurs kapag aortic valve?

  2nd intercostal space right of sternum
• Where do you auscultate for heart murmurs kapag pulmonic valve?

  2nd intercostal space left of sternum
• Where do you auscultate for heart murmurs kapag mitral valve?

  5th intercostal space below the left nipple
• Where do you auscultate for heart murmurs kapag tricuspid valve?

  4th intercostal space
• 99-100?

  A
• In this surgery, the patient's own pulmonary valve is transplanted to the aortic valve position?

  Ross procedure
• open-heart surgery - refers to operations performed on the heart that require a patient being placed on the heart-lung bypass machine.