Hpe

• what are the 3 main aims of first aid

  Preserve life, prevent further harm, promote recovery
• what is first aid


  providing initial care for someone who has suddenly become ill or injured.
• preserve life


  first ensure you and bystanders are safe and then reduce the danger to the person in difficulty
• what are first aid key aims

  preserve life

  protect the person in difficulty from more harm

  reduce pain

  prevent the injury from worsening

  be reassuring

  if required call for emergency assistance
• what is the chain of survival

  early access

  early cpr

  early defibrillation

  early advanced care
• what is Defibrillation 


  someone in cardiac arrest by using an electrical charge to stop your heart's abnormal rhythm.
• DRSABCD

  danger - is there danger around

  response - is the person responding to you

  send - call for help

  airway - is their airway clear

  breathing - are they breathing

  cpr - start doing cpr until help

  Defibrillation - use a defibrillator if avaliable
• to manage deadly bleeding you must

  a)Follow the emergency action plan

  b) Examine for embedded risk

  c) Apply sufficient pressure to stop bleeding

  d) Elevate if necessary

  e) Restrict movement

  f) monitor the patient
• Shock is the inadequate blood flow supply to the body tissue and major organs.
• what causes shock


  dehydration

  vomiting and diarrhoea

  burns

  trauma

  allergic reations

  infections
• what are symptoms of shock

  weak, rapid pulse

  fail face

  rapid breathing

  faintness, dizziness
• what to do when someone gets shock

  lie them down, raise legs above level of the heart, treat any other injuries, maintain their body temperature, call 000
• What are 3 reasons a person would be placed into the recovery position?

  there is difficulty breathing, they become unconscious, or they vomit.
• what is bleeding


  bleeding is the loss of blood.
• what can cause bleeding

  cuts, injury to blood vessel, amputation
• what are the symptoms of bleeding

  pain, tenderness, sweating, thirst, visible blood loss
• abrasion 


  a superficial wound where the skin is rubber or scraped across a hard surface
• laceration 


  open wound from machinery, barbed wire, teeth or claws. skin, soft tissue and muscle may be damaged and have irregular edges
• incision 


  open wound from knife or glass. the wound is cut cleanly with regular edges
• avulsion (tear)


  caused by severe force by things such as animal bites, accidents involving motor vehicles, guns, explosives.
• puncture 


  wounds from blunt, pointed instrument or gunshot wound, results in damage to skin, soft tissue, muscle and underlying organs
• amputation


  part of the body is cut or torn off for example finger, toe, hand, leg
• nose bleed


  bleeding usually occurs from just inside the nose, on the central partition due to the nose being hit or banging.
• What are 3 must do's for managing a bleeding patient?

  squeeze the edges of the wound together, apply a pad over the wound, add bandages and check every 15 minutes for pulse.
• What would you do as a first aider if a patient had an embedded object ?

  do not remove the object, use a cloth or bandage to apply pressure to the wound without pushing the object in further, then get medical helo
• things to remember with an ankle sprain

  don't twist the ankle

  wrap it in a bandage but not to tight

  make sure there is no numbness or tingling

  make sure the ankle doesn't hurt

  anchor the ankle
• What are the main aspects to remember when creating a sling?

  the main aspects are to not make it to tight, to not injure the arm, and to make sure it is supported at a good angle to restrict movement.
• Why would you make a splint ?

  you would make a splint if the bone is damaged or broken to give it a chance to heal without moving it so it has a chance to heal.
• what is RICER related to

  the recovery of a soft tissue injury, like sprains and strains
• what does RICER stand for

  rest

  ice

  compression

  evaluate

  referral
• what is the no harm principle

  a guideline to managing soft tissue injuries it relates to the initial help for soft tissue injuries from 48-72 hours in.
• what does no harm stand for

  no heat

  no alcohol

  no running or re-injury

  no massage
• List 5 symptoms that could exist in a snake bite victim?

  1. pain and swelling

  2. vomiting, nauseous

  3. dizziness, blurred vision

  4. difficulty breathing

  5. weakness
• what is the management process for a snake bite

  the management process is to clean/ disinfect the bite, then to bandage the bite and to restrict blood flow that is connected to the venom to bandage or strap it tight.
• what are 3 things to not do with a snake bite

  don't restrict blood flow

  don't cut the wound

  don't try to suck the blood.
• List 3 other types of bites or stings?

  Bee sting, jellyfish sting, mosquito bite.
• what is the first aid management of an asthma attack

  1 Follow DRSABCD.

  2 help them sit down

  3 help them follow their asthma action plan, help them use their inhaler
• what is a stroke


  A stroke is a serious medical condition that happens when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, damaging brain cells.
• how do you manage a stroke

  F – Has the person’s FACE drooped?

  A – Can they lift both ARMS?

  S – Is the person’s SPEECH slurred? Do they understand you?

  T – Call Triple Zero (000). TIME is critical.
• what are the hypothermia symptoms

  • feeling cold

  • shivering

  • clumsiness and slurred speech

  • apathy and irrational behaviour