Developmental Psychology Final Coaching

• Rava noticed that his son, Iverson, spends much of his time playing with his toys and talking to them. In any social situation, Iverson does not speak and is not willing to mingle with his peers.

  He usually just wants to be alone with his toys Rava's observation has to do with Iverson's

  Psychosocial development
• Development can be understood in various contexts. Sociocultural contexts include the following, except

  • Culture
  • Gender
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Community blood type
•  The following ideas are rooted in psychoanalytic theory. Which is not one of them?

  • Focuses on the impact of sexual and aggressive drives on an individual's psychological functioning.
  • Calls attention to the importance of the reproductive functions as they contribute to fitness and long-term species adaptation.
  • Places importance on childhood experiences for shaping adult thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
  • Assumes that very young children have strong sexual and aggressive drives.
• Matthew, a 24-month-old Filipino child living in Mindanao, now frequently engages in "balay-balay," a kind of play where the children involved take different roles typically observed in a Filipino household and pretend that they're a family. Oftentimes, they use and treat leaves as if they were money and treat a large curtain as if it were the whole house. This cognitive development is termed as

  Pretend play
•  Mila thinks that a person who buys soft drinks every day is rich. When she met her new classmate, Milo, she learned that Milo buys soft drinks every day. She then concludes that Milo came from a rich family. This is reflective of Piaget's

  Assimilation
• In school, two clay balls of equal size were presented to Zamir. The first clay ball was turned into a flat pancake, whereas the other one remained unchanged. When asked again whether the two pieces of clay were still equal, Zamir answered yes and reasoned that the teacher could turn the pancake back into a ball. This reasoning is consistent with the concept of

  Reversibility
• The following concepts can be found in Vygotsky's theory, except

  • Culture as a mediator of cognitive structuring
  • Perspective taking
  • Inner speech
  • Zone of proximal development
• Using Mahler's concepts, an infant's first month is called the autistic phase. During this time, the following events can be observed, except

  • The infant is primarily focused on satisfying physical needs.
  • Mother-infant interactions focus on achieving a state of biological equilibrium.
  • The infant's behavior is guided almost entirely by internal drives.
  • The infant acknowledges the mother as a separate person.
•  Which of the following is true about the relative influences of heredity and environment on human development?

  • Relative influences of heredity and environment are not absolute and are still debated up to this day.
  • Nativists believe that development is largely due to environmental factors.
  • Empiricists argue that heredity and biological processes account for most of human development.
  • All of these are true.
• Carmen has now achieved a consistent internal representation of his mother in his mind, and he can now use this representation to comfort himself in times of distress. He can now also tolerate being physically away from his mother. This concept of libidinal object constancy has a lot in common with

  Piaget's object permanence
• At the age of 18, Kiko appears to have achieved a high level of self-insight. He can say exactly what he wants in life, and he appears mature. Peers are impressed by Kiko's clarity of vision. However, little did they know, that Kiko's plans and occupational beliefs are just derivatives of his family's beliefs and don't actually reflect deep self-understanding. This is reminiscent of Maria's status.

   Identity foreclosure
• Every month, 70-year-old Fred is taken by his daughter to his doctor for his regular overall checkup. Whenever he visits his doctor's clinic, he is startled by the loud cries of the other older adults in the examination rooms. After two or three visits, he begins to make a partial startle reaction as he enters the doctor's office. In this case, what has become the conditioned stimulus?

  • Examination room
  • Startle response
  • Doctor's office
  • Loud cries of other patients