Early: marked hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of mediastinum, substernal pain, mediastinal widening, pleural involvement with hemorrhagic pleural effusion, cough due to effects on trachea
Live attenuated bacilli, spore suspensions, or PA from culture filtrates
Animals in known anthrax districts should be immunized annually
US vaccine made from supernatant of a cell-free culture of an unencapsulated but toxigenic strain of B anthracis containing PS adsorbed to AlOH, gives only short-lived immunity