Blood Vessels

• Arteries

  • Carry blood at high pressure away from the heart
  • Carry oxygenated blood (other than the pulmonary artery)
  • Have thick muscular walls containing elastic fibres
  • Have a narrow lumen
  • Speed of flow is fast
• Veins

  • Carry blood at low pressure towards the heart
  • Carry deoxygenated blood (other than the pulmonary vein)
  • Have thin walls
  • Have a large lumen
  • Contain valves
  • Speed of flow is slow
• Comparing arteries and veins

  A) capillaries

  B) body

  C) tissues

  D) exchange

  E) substances

  F) vein

  G) one

  H) valves

  I) backflow

  J) thin

  K) smooth

  L) elastic

  M) fibres

  N) wide lumen

  O) thick

  P) smooth

  Q) muscle

  R) elastic fibres

  S) narrow lumen

  T) arterial

  U) thicker

  V) veins

  W) higher

  X) pressure

  Y) artery

  
• Capillaries

  • Carry blood at low pressure within tissues
  • Carry both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • Have walls that are one cell thick
  • Have ‘leaky’ walls
  • Speed of flow is slow
• Structure of a capillary

  A) capillary wall

  B) one cell

  C) red blood cells

  D) lumen

  E) endothelial

  
• Blood is transported via the arteries, veins and capillaries

  • pumped through heart in the arteries and returned to heart through rates
  • capillaries connect 2 types of blood vessels and molecules are exchanged between blood and cells across walls
• Capillaries connect smallest branch of arteries and veins

  • 1 cell thick
  • allows exchange of molecules between blood and body cells - molecules diffuse across the walls
  • exchange only possible across capillary wall not other blood vessels
• Exchange of molecules:

  • oxygen diffuses through capillary wall into tissue fluid and the cells
  • CO2 diffuses from the cells into the tissue fluid then across capillary walls into blood plasma
  • glucose diffuses from the cells of the liver to the tissue fluid and then to the cells
  • waste produce urea diffuses from cells of the liver to the tissue fluid and then across the capillary walls into blood plasma
• • Arteries vs Veins

  A) blood

  B) away

  C) heart

  D) blood

  E) towards

  F) heart

  G) oxygenated

  H) blood

  I) pulmonary artery

  J) deoxygenated

  K) blood

  L) pulmonary vein

  M) high pressure

  N) low

  O) negative pressure

  P) thick muscular

  Q) elastic walls

  R) pump

  S) accommodate blood

  T) thin walls

  U) less muscular

  V) tissue

  W) arteries

  X) channnel

  Y) blood vessel

  Z) blood

  [) lumen

  \) narrow

  ]) wide

  ^) lumen

  
• Blood is carried away from the heart and towards organs in arteries

  • These narrow to arterioles and then capillaries as they pass through the organ
• The capillaries widen to venules and finally veins as they move away from the organs
• Veins carry blood back toward the heart
• The circulatory system

  A) pulmonary vein

  B) heart

  C) aorta

  D) hepatic artery

  E) mesenteric artery

  F) renal artery

  G) lungs

  H) renal vein

  I) hepatic portal vein

  J) hepatic vein

  K) vena cava

  L) pulmonary artery

  M) liver

  N) gut

  O) kidneys

  P) other organs

  
• Important Blood Vessels Table

  A) vena cava

  B) pulmonary vein

  C) aorta

  D) pulmonary artery

  E) pulmonary artery

  F) pulmonary vein

  G) renal artery

  H) renal vein

  
• What are the differences in arteries and veins in terms of function?

  Veins carry blood towards the heart while arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood at low or zero pressure while arteries carry blood at high pressure, arteries usually carry oxygenated blood while veins carry usually carry deoxygenated blood
• What are the differences in veins and arteries in terms of structure?

  Veins have a thinner muscular wall and less muscular tissue while arteries have a thick muscular and elastic wall, arteris have a narrow lumen while veins have a wide lumen, arteries don’t have valves while veins do
• What are structure of capillaries that relate to their functions?

  Capillaries have one cell thick wall that allows for easy diffusion, a lumen of one red blood cell wide allows for the white blood cells squeeze through the cells of the wall and blood cells to pass through slowly for diffusion of materials and tissue fluid, and have no valves so that blood is still under pressure
• The renal vein goes into the heart
• Hepa refers to the liver
• The hepatic portal vein brings nutrients absorbed form the digestive system so that the liver can process them