Cold War

• who was it between

  America and USSR capitalism vs communism
• marshall aid 


  america gave western germany and european countries loans
• marshall aid caused russia to get poorer and the rest of europe to get richer
• after 1946 the usa's mistrust of the USSR grew massively due to:

  • the association of russia with a newly established communist regime in north korea
  • discovery of a communist spy network in canda
  • the Kennan 'long telegram'
  • Churchills iron cutain speech
• When was the U2 incident

  1st May 1960
• What was the U2 incident

  A US U-2 spy plane was shot down while spying in soviet airspace causing a planned conference between the US and USSR to be called off
• in May 1955 the Warsaw Pact was formed which involved the signing of a peace and security treaty by the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia
• when was the Suez crisis

  1956
• what happened in the Suez crisis

  the Suez Canal was took over by Egypt's president who planned to take control of this important shipping route which alarmed France and Britain due to Egypt's growing ties with communists
• in November 1956 the Soviet Union warned France and Britain about the consequences of their behaviour during the Suez crisis and hinted at possible missile attack
• in October 1957 Sputnik 1 was launched by Russia and signalled the start of the space race. the launch led to new political, military, technological and scientific developments
• what was Sputnik 1

  the world's first artificial satellite
• in august 1961 construction of the Berlin Wall was started
• when was the cuban missile crisis 


  September 1962 to January 1963
• what was the cuban missile crisis

  after the bay of pigs invasion in Cuba by the USA the USSR increased its support of the cuban leaders regime. by the summer of 1962 Khrushchev decided secretly to install ballistic missiles in Cuba when the US found the secret construction of missile launching sites Kennedy publicly criticised the soviets actions
• what were the effects of USA finding the missile launching sites in Cuba 


  Kennedy imposed a naval blockade on Cuba and said that nay missiles launched from Cuba would be met with a full-scale retaliation attack by the USA against the USSR. so Khrushchev agreed to dismantle the missile site and USA promised not to invade Cuba and ended the blockade
• what was the Syrian crisis

  territorial dispute between syria and russia against Baghdad and turkey over who should control syria
• when was nato formed

  April 1949
• what was nato


  members agreed to support each other if they were attacked by an aggressor and all this involved were anti-communist