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• Enuresis


  Repeated inability to control urination
• Nocturnal enuresis


  Involuntary urination that happens at night while sleeping
• Nocturnal Frequency


  Condition that causes you to wake up during the night to urinate
• Urinary frequency


  Voiding at frequent intervals, that is, more than 4 to 6 times per day
• Nocturia


  Voiding 2 or more times at night
• Urgency


  Sudden, strong desire to void
• Dysuria


  Voiding that is either painful or difficult
• Clients will often say they have to push to void or that burning accompanies or follows voiding
• Urinary hesitancy


  A delay and difficulty in initiating voiding
• Enuresis


  Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired, usually 4 or 5 years of age
• Nocturnal enuresis


  • Irregular in occurrence and affects boys more often than girls
• Diurnal enuresis


  Persistent and pathologic in origin. It affects women and girls more frequently.
• Meconium


  First poop
• Clay or white stool


  Absence of bile pigment (bile obstruction) or diagnostic study using barium
• Black or tarry stool


  Drug (e.g., iron), bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach, small intestine), diet high in red meat and dark green vegetables (e.g., spinach)
• Melena


  Upper Gastric Intestinal bleeding
• Red stool


  Bleeding from lower gastrointestinal tract (e.g., rectum), some foods (e.g. beets)
• Hematochezia


  Lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding
• Pale stool


  Malabsorption of fats, diet high in milk and milk products and low in meat
• Bristol Stool Chart

  • Type 1: Separate hard lumps (Very constipated)
  • Type 2: Lumpy and sausage like (Slightly constipated)
  • Type 3: A sausage shape with cracks in the surface (Normal)
  • Type 4: Like a smooth, soft sausage or snake (Normal)
  • Type 5: Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (Lacking fiber)
  • Type 6: Mushy consistency with ragged edges (Inflammation)
  • Type 7: Liquid consistency with no solid pieces (Inflammation and diarrhea)