chemical tests

• test for hydrogen


  squeaky pop - lighted splint
• test for oxygen


  relight a glowing splint
• test for carbon dioxide

  turns limewater cloudy
• test for chlorine gas

  bleaches damp blue litmus paper white
• test for ammonia gas


  has a sharp smell - makes damp red litmus paper turn blue + forms white smoke (ammonium chloride) when reacting with hydrogen chloride
• what is formed in neutralisation

  water
• what is formed when metals and acids react

  hydrogen and a salt
• what is formed when metal oxide (base) and an acid reacts

  water and salt
• what is formed when metal carbonates react with acid

  salt and carbon dioxide
• flame colour of lithium

  crimson
• flame colour of sodium

  yellow
• flame colour of potassium

  lilac
• flame colour of calcium

  red
• flame colour of barium

  green
• flame colour of magnesium

  no colour
• aluminium ion + sodium hydroxide

  forms white precipitates + might dissolve if a lot is added
• calcium ions + sodium hydroxide

  forms white precipitates
• magnesium ions + sodium hydroxide

  forms white precipitates
• copper ions + sodium hydroxide

  forms blue precipitates
• iron(ii) ions + sodium hydroxide

  forms green precipitates
• iron(iii) ions + sodium hydroxide

  forms brown precipitates
• chloride ions + silver nitrate

  forms white precipitate
• bromide ions + silver nitrate

  forms cream precipitate
• iodide ions + silver nitrate


  forms yellow precipitate
• how to tell if a solution has sulfates

  add hydrochloric acid, then barium chloride solution - produces white precipitate of barium sulfate
• reaction of acid and alkali

  acid + alkali --> salt + water