Atmospheric Phenomena

• Atmospheric Phenomena


  • Breezes
  • Monsoons
  • ITCZ
• Weather


  The general condition of the atmosphere over an area within a specified period of time
• Factors that affect the weather

  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Relative Humidity
  • Clouds
  • Precipitation
• Land


  • Warms faster than the sea due to the difference of their specific heat capacity and density
  • Solid is denser than liquid, the denser the matter the faster it gets warm
• Air above land is warmer than the air above sea.
• What happens when air is heated

  Warm air expands and rises or tends to move upward
• Air pressure

  Air moves from high pressure to low pressure
• Air pressure difference

  Forms a convection current
• Breezes


  Gentle winds that blow over short distances
• Wind


  The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to lower pressure
• Sea Breeze


  During the day, the land heats faster than seawater, the air above the ground rises, and it is replaced by the cold air from the sea
• Land Breeze


  At night, the land cools faster than water, the warm air above the water rises and is replaced by the cold air coming from the land blowing toward the sea
• Monsoons


  Winds that blow and whose direction change from season to season
• Two kinds of monsoons

  • Northeast Monsoon (Amihan)
  • Southwest Monsoon (Habagat)
• In the Philippines, we experience the effect of ITCZ because it is active from May to October
• ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone)


  • A belt of low pressure found at the equator where trade winds from the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere meet
  • It is characterized by weak and calm winds
  • It is where warm and humid air masses form, leading to heavy precipitation and thunderstorms
  • It is a breeding zone of low-pressure areas, which may or may not turn into typhoons
• High pressure systems are generally associated with fair weather
• Low pressure systems are generally associated with adverse weather conditions
• Air movement can be vertical (convection current) and horizontal (wind).
• Northeast Monsoon

  • cool and dry air
  • slight to moderate rainfall
  • November to may
• Southwest Monsoon

  • warm and moist air
  • moderate to heavy rainfall
  • june to october
• Amihan is the reason for the cold season