Arts (western play/opera)

• Greek tragedy playwrites:

  •Euripides

  •Sophocles

  •Aeschylus
• 3 types of drama:

  •Tragedy

  •Comedy

  •Satyr
• Tragedy- deals with tragic events, unhappy endings, defeat of the main character, it is the most admired type of play in Greece.
• Comedy- Form of the theater that mirrors the society in a humorous way reflecting wickedness and immorality.
• Satyr- combination of tragedy and comedy. A spoof of tragedy known for it's vulgar and indecent amusement.
• Aeschylus is known as the father of tragedy.
• What is the arrangement of periods?

  •Ancient Period

  •Medieval Period

  •Renaissance Period

  •Baroque Period

  •Neoclassic Period

  •Romantic Period
• Parts of the Greek Theater:

  •Theatron- where spectators sat (viewing-place).

  •Parodos- Side-entrance to the theater

  •Orchestra- circular piece of ground where the chorus and actors performed.

  •Skene- Serves as the backdrop to change costumes and prepare for their roles.
• Minstrels- They are medieval European musician, travelling place to place
• Churches of Europe also started doing stage performance. One of the performance was called "Mystery of Adam".
• Melodrama- Can be described as dramatic work that puts characters in a lot of danger to appeal emotions.
• Opera- Art from in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work.
• The Triumvir of Pompey was one of the first permanent (non wooden) theaters in Rome, whose structure was somewhat similar to the Theatron of Athens. The building was a part of a multi-use complex that included a large quadriporticus (a columned quadrangle), directly behind the scaenae fron (an elaborately decorated background of theater stage), and is enclosed by the large columned portricos with an expansive garden complex of fountains and statues.
• William Shakespeare was the famous actor and poet who emerged in this period. He was an English poet, playwright, and actor and was regarded as the greatest writer and dramatist in the whole world. Shakespeare was often called "The bard of Avon".
• Innovation of Stage

  1. Proscenium was developed. This is the area of a theater surrounding the stage opening. Arches frame and divide the stage from the audience.

  2. Backdrops for every scenery were popularized by the art of painting clothes.

  3. Commedia dell'arte or "Comedy of the Profession" was developed. It was quick-witted performance of the characters/players.
• ROMANTIC THEATER (1800-2000)

  During the Romantic period, melodrama and operas became the most popular theatrical forms. Melodramas originated from the French word melodrama, which is derived from Greek melos, which means "music" and French drame, which is derived from the Greek dran to "perform". Melodrama - a dramatic work that puts characters in a lot of danger in order to appeal to the emotions and in which orchestral music or song was used to accompany the action.
• GREEK THEATER

  European theater began in Ancient Greece. It began around 700 BC with festivals honoring their gods, Dionysus (Di-on-i-sus), the god of wine and fertility, has religious festivals called "The Cult of Dionysus" to honor him. The theater of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama
• Antigone and Ismene- white face, dark under the eyes and sad-looking Creon- brother in law of Oedipus, mad or angry facial expression with crown
• Baroque theater


  Theater of the Baroque period (1600-1750)
• Baroque theater


  • Use of technology in current Broadways or commercial plays
  • Theater crew uses machine for special effects and scene changes
  • Scene changes can be done in a matter of seconds with the use of ropes and pulleys
• Baroque theater


  • Richly decorated
  • Multiplicity of plot turns
  • Variety of situations characteristic of Mannerism (a variety of approaches or intellectual sophistication as well as using artificial qualities of the play)
  • Succeeded by opera
• Use of theatrical technologies in the Baroque period

  • Vatel (2000)
  • Farinell (1999)
  • Different stage productions of Orpheus by Claudio Monteverdi
• Severino R. Reyes (A playwright) "Father of the Tagalog Zarzuela"

  The son of Rufino Reyes and Andrea Rivera, Reyes was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila on February 11, 1861. He studied at San Juan de Letran College and later at the University of Sto. Tomas, where he studied philosophy.
• Neoclassical theater


  Period from 1800-1900 where the styles of Roman and Greek societies influenced the theater arts
• Neoclassical theater


  • Characterized by grandiosity
  • Costumes and sceneries were highly elaborate
  • Main concepts were to entertain and to teach lessons
  • Stages were restyled with dramatic arches to highlight the scenes
  • Multiple entry points on the stage were evident in many plays
  • Lighting and sound effects intensified the mood and message of each scene, enhancing dramatic experience
• In 1923, Reyes co-founded the Liwayway, a Tagalog literary weekly which published a series of fairy tales titled Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang, written by Reyes. The storyteller, Lola Basyang was based by the author on a neighbor named Gervacia de Guzman.

  Walang sugat is also
• Decorum


  Right and proper audience behavior, where classical concepts and appropriate social behavior must be observed
• Types of plays in Neoclassical theater

  • Tragedy
  • Comedy
• Tragedy


  Portrayed the complex and fateful lives of the upper classes and royals
• Comedy


  Tended to focus on the lower ranks of society
• Dr. Ricardo G. Abad (A Director)

  Born in Manila on August 10, 1946 of parents from Cavite and Camiguin. Graduated at the Ateneo de Manila, after which he obtained a Fulbright grant to finish a doctorate in sociology at Fordham University in New York
• Salvador F. Bernal (Father of Theater Design in the Philippines)

  Taught briefly at Ateneo de Manila and University of the Philippines. He had designed more than 250 productions in ballet, theater, and film. National Artist awardee.
• Roman Theater


  • Started in the 3rd century BC
  • Had varied and interesting art forms such as festivals performances of street theater, acrobatics, the staging of comedies of Plautus, and the high-verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca
  • Usual themes were chariots races, gladiators, and public executions
  • Romans loved a good spectacle, combat, blood sports and gladiator competition
  • The more realistic the violence, the more pleased Roman audiences
  • Christians opposed the barbaric themes and closed down all theaters
• Comedy plays


  • Were popular in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250 BC
  • Women were allowed to perform
• VICTOR MARIE HUGO


  One of the greatest and best known French writer, a poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement
• Works of Victor Marie Hugo

  • Les Contemplations
  • La Legende des Siecles
  • Les Miserables
  • Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre-Dame)
• GEORGE BIZET


  A French composer and a pianist best known for his operas
• Carmen


  The most popular work of George Bizet, an opera where he composed the title role for a mezzo soprano in the character of Carmen
• The opera Carmen tells the story of the downfall of Don Jose, a naïve soldier who is seduced by the charms of the sizzling gypsy, Carmen
• Contemporary composers during the Romantic period

  • Franz Liszt
  • Richard Wagner
  • Frederic Chopin
  • Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Franz Schubert
  • Felix Mendelson
  • Hector Berlioz