rDNA

• Genetic engineering


  The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology
• Genetic engineering breaks the species barrier
• Cross-species transfer of genes


  • A human gene inserted into a bacterium
  • A human gene inserted into another animal
  • A bacteria gene placed in a plant
• DNA technology


  Specialized area of biotechnology that focuses on the ability to analyze, manipulate and "cut and paste" DNA pieces
• Recombinant DNA


  DNA made by mixing DNA from two sources
• Restriction enzymes


  Discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber
• Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)


  Organism with altered DNA
• DNA is stable and unchangeable, but new technologies allow us to alter the DNA of humans and other organisms
• Genetic engineering breaks the species barrier
• Recombinant DNA


  Combination of DNA from two different sources, e.g. placing a human gene into bacterial DNA
• Examples of cross-species transfer of genes


  • A human gene inserted into a bacterium
  • A human gene inserted into another animal
  • A bacteria gene placed in a plant
• Recombinant DNA technology


  Useful in gene cloning and identifying the function of a gene
• DNA technology


  A specialized area of biotechnology that focuses on the ability to analyze, manipulate and "cut and paste" DNA pieces
• Clone


  An exact genetic copy
• Reasons for cloning genes

  • Use in medicine and agriculture
• Recombinant DNA


  DNA made by mixing DNA from two different sources
• Vector

  Used in recombinant DNA technology
• Producing useful proteins like insulin using recombinant DNA technology


  1. Create bacteria that carry the human gene for insulin production

  2. Bacteria become factories that produce the protein
• Restriction enzymes were discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber
• Recombinant DNA technology helps create insulin for human use
• Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

  An organism with altered DNA
• Bacillus thuringiensis is an example of the importance of DNA technology (genetically modified products)
• Genetic engineering


  Techniques used to modify the genotype of an organism to change its phenotype
• DNA is stable and unchangeable for the most part, but new technologies allow us to alter the DNA of humans and other organisms
• rDNA technology


  Methods used to modify, measure, manipulate and manufacture within the DNA molecule
• Recombinant DNA technology


  Useful in gene cloning and in identifying the function of a gene
• Clone


  An exact genetic copy
• Reasons for gene cloning


  • Use in medicine
  • Use in agriculture
• Vector


  Used in recombinant DNA technology to produce useful proteins like insulin
• Recombinant DNA technology helps create insulin so it can be used by humans
• Genetic engineering refers to techniques used to modify the genotype of an organism to change its phenotype
• Recombinant DNA technology refers to the methods used to modify, measure, manipulate and manufacture within the DNA molecule