Diagram of plant cells

• What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

  Contains the cell's DNA
• The jelly-like substance that fills the cell is called the cytoplasm
• The cell membrane protects the cell from its environment.
• What is the role of organelles in a cell?

  Specific jobs like protein synthesis
• The nucleus contains instructions called DNA
• The cell membrane acts like the walls of a house.
• The tough outer layer of a plant cell is called the cell wall
• What analogy is used for organelles in a cell?

  Tiny workers
• Chloroplasts use sunlight to produce food in plant cells.
• What do vacuoles store in plant cells?

  Water and nutrients
• Match the cell type with its key differences:

  Plant Cell ↔️ Strong cell wall, chloroplasts

  Animal Cell ↔️ No cell wall, smaller vacuoles
• Why do plant cells need chloroplasts?

  To make food from sunlight
• The cell wall provides structure and support to plant cells.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Produce food through photosynthesis
• The vacuole in a plant cell stores water, nutrients, and waste
• All components of a plant cell work together to ensure its proper function.
• What is the aim of the activity described in the study material?

  Investigate how species change
• Scientists use field equipment such as quadrats and transects
• Sampling techniques are used because it is impossible to count every organism in an area.
• Steps for collecting data on a rocky seashore using quadrats and a transect line:

  1️⃣ Place quadrats along a transect line

  2️⃣ Count sea urchins and hermit crabs in each quadrat

  3️⃣ Record data in a table
• What is the phenomenon called when corals appear white due to stress?

  Coral bleaching
• Bleached corals appear white because they expel zooxanthellae
• Frequent coral bleaching events are occurring due to global warming and pollution.
• What viral social media post falsely claimed about the Great Barrier Reef in 2019?

  It was officially dead
• The Great Barrier Reef is threatened by climate change but is not dead.
• What are three actions to determine if an online source is reliable?

  Verify information, check sources, check author
• Coral colonies are made up of tiny animals called polyps
• What type of relationship do corals and zooxanthellae have?

  Symbiotic relationship
• Match the benefit each organism receives in the symbiotic relationship between corals and zooxanthellae:

  Corals ↔️ Food and color

  Algae ↔️ Place to live and photosynthesize
• What is an ecosystem?

  Biotic and abiotic community
• Three abiotic factors required for most coral reefs to thrive are water, air, and pH
• Construct a simplified food web using organisms from the coral reef diagram:

  1️⃣ Sun

  2️⃣ Seagrass

  3️⃣ Phytoplankton

  4️⃣ Zooplankton

  5️⃣ Snappers
• What are two features common to all arthropods?

  Exoskeleton and jointed legs
• The binomial system uses unique scientific names to classify organisms into kingdoms, phylum, class, and order
• The binomial system provides a standardized way to classify organisms.
• What are three features that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

  Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes
• Match the structure in an animal cell with its function:

  Nucleus ↔️ Contains genetic information

  Cell membrane ↔️ Controls substance movement

  Mitochondria ↔️ Produces energy
• Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in the cell membrane?

  Hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
• Large or polar molecules require carrier proteins to pass through the cell membrane
• Animal cells do not have a cell wall, but plant cells do.