Digestive System 2

• Propulsion


  1. Swallowing

  2. Peristalsis

  3. Ingested materials moved through digestive tract
• Surface Area


  Particle size of food reduced to facilitate enzymatic digestion
• Enzymes


  Perform complete reduction of food particles
• Acinar Cells


  Digestive secretions originate from granular glands
• Peritoneum


  Forms the largest serous membrane in the body
• Mucosa


  Submucosal plexus regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle
• Myenteric Plexus


  Coordinates frequency and strength of digestive tract motility
• Parasympathetic


  Input of information from enteric nervous system enhances digestive functions
• Serous Cells


  Mucin is contained in watery secretions
• Maxillary Mandibular


  A mixed salivary gland
• Evaporative Cooling


  Thermoregulatory function of saliva
• Amylase


  Digestion of starch in the saliva is initiated by
• Mucus


  Contained in the saliva which facilitates bolus formation
• Iga


  Attaches the microbes to decrease their ability to penetrate to the epithelium of the oral cavity
• Increase salivary secretion


  Decreases secretion of potassium (in monogastric)
• Food enters the oral cavity


  Salivation seems to initiate digestion (Pavlov's experiment)
• Epiglottis


  Closure directs the bolus into the esophagus (in swallowing)
• Stomach


  Intrinsic factor required for absorption of cyanocobalamin is formed from
• Hydrochloric Acid


  A true stomach is characterized by its capacity to produce
• Chief Cells


  Cells that produce pepsinogen which digest protein
• Pepsin


  The only enzyme
• Stomach Lumen


  Combination of hydrogen and chloride ions occur in
• Alkaline Tide


  When significant amount of bicarbonate enters the blood, it leads to
• Gastrin


  Once secreted, it stimulates contraction of gastric walls thus mixing luminal contents
• Reflexive Relaxation


  As stomach stretches without increasing luminal pressure, its undergoing
• Pylorus


  Peristaltic waves strengthen as they progress toward this part of stomach
• Water


  What is being squirted through the pyloric sphincter before it closes
• Medulla


  Presence of irritants in the stomach stimulates vomiting through stimulation of the vomiting center in
• Gizzard


  Compaction of undigestible materials into pellet for egestion occurs in
• Cephalic


  Which phase of gastric secretion leads to stimulate mucus, enzyme, gastrin and acid secretions
• Enterogastric Reflex


  Mediated inhibition of gastrin production and gastric motility
• Secretin


  Secreted during the intestinal phase which result to inhibition of gastric secretion of acid and enzymes
• Duodenum


  Secretin is produced by enteroendocrine cells in this portion of the intestine
• Ventral


  In relation to motility of ruminant stomach, contraction propagates through this region of the rumen
• Reverse Peristalsis


  During rumination, the bolus is moved from the cardia into the oral cavity through this process
• Bacteria


  Microbial fermentation in the rumen is a primary function of
• Rumen Epithelium


  Glucose and volatile fatty acids are absorbed in
• Enterokinase


  Brush border enzyme that splits trypsinogen thus activating it
• Secretin


  Secreted by the enteroendocrine cells in the duodenal wall in response to decrease pH in the duodenal lumen
• Cholecystokinin


  Aside from stimulating the pancreas to secrete enzymes, it causes bile ejection from the gallbladder