volcanos earthquakes tsunamis

• case study:

  • earthquakes and tsunami
  • japan 2011 march 2:46pm
  • primary effects: ground shaking
  • economic effect: nuclear powerplant was flooded and exploded, infrastructure ruined, farmland destroyed
  • social effect: 1 minute warning, 20 killed by initial earthquake, 70,000 left homeless, 5.57 million households left without electricity
  • environmental effect: 9.0 magnitude, 9.3m wave, rare double quake for 3 minutes
  • it was so powerful it shifter the earths axis a few cm
• japan earthquake 246pm march 2011

  • responses: 131 countries and 33 international organisations offered assistance
  • aid from uk and france
  • 59 search and rescue experts went to hemp
  • japan is flat so the wave didn’t slow!!!!
• convergent destructive plate

  lahars form from precipitation mixing with pyroclastic material
• volcano case study

  • mount saint helens 18/05/80
  • 1000 flights cancelled
  • 57 died from outside evacuation zone
  • flooding destroyed communications
  • trees within 30kn flattened
  • destroyed 250 homes
  • destroyed 185 miles of highway
  • $1.1 billion loss
• 2004 indian ocean tsunami

  • 8am
  • 9.1 magnitude
  • 30m high waves
  • 227,898 died
  • 14 country’s
  • 30,000 injured
  • aid helped £14 billion
  • economic damage $20 billion
  • convergent plate boundry
  • japan sank by a metre
• case study

  BAM IRAN 2003

  • 2am
  • 6.6 magnitude
  • 26,000 died
  • 30,000 injured
  • 90% of building destroyed
  • response: live in camps, freezing temps killed survivors, short of food and water
  • $1 bullion damazge
• HOTSPOT

  • rising hot air weakens crust
  • magma reaches surface
  • comes up through a weakness in crust
• stratovolcano

  composite volcano

  forms pyroclastic ash 200mph 800

  destructive plate

  1500 in mantle

  45 angle

  700kn benioff zone
• denser oceanic plate subducts

  at a 45 angle of subduction

  in the mantle its 1500 and it causes the plate to break up

  this plate breaking causes earthquakes

  oceanic plate melts into magma at the benioff zone 700km deep

  plate is new magma that comes up through a vent

  forms stratovolcano with steep sides

  lava is viscous and has a high silica content

  pyroclastic ash is 800 degrees and 200mph

  secondary hazard is lahars

  infrequent eruptions
• destructive plate boundry

  after eruption the vent becomes blocked causing a pressure build up in vent and magma chamber
• tsunmai

  500mph 100ft

  surge 30m

  all plate boundrys

  pressure relaesed at focus
• response to tsunami

  temporary housing

  rescuse operations

  evacuation

  aid
• factors effecting impact

  of an earthquake or tsunami

  time of day year

  sleeping or rush hour hot or cold

  location in a city rural or coastal

  depth of quake shallow is destructive . deep more energy is absorbed

  hic or lic
• a'a lava in hawaii
• hotspots form sheild volcanos
• lics quality of life diminishes each time they rebuild because the capacity to rebuild next time becomes more of a challenge this is a cycle of poverty