Causes of Geological Hazards

• Natural Cause of Landslides

  1. Earthquake - any seismic activities or vibration on the earth's crust can disrupt the force of friction that holds the sediment in incline place or slope.
  2. Heavy Rainfall - intense rain weakens the friction of the bedrock and the sediments.
  3. Wildfire - large destructive fire that happens in the forest, woodland or brushes it cause landslide.
  4. Volcanic Eruption - volcanoes ash deposit are prone to erosion and when it mixes with water it will create a lahar or a mudflow landslides.
• Human Cause of Landslide

  1. Clear Cutting - a method of timber harvesting that completely removes the trees to the place that act as a binder to the soil.
  2. Mining, Construction, Deep Excavation - destroy the bedrock and weakens the foundation of the soil.
• Other Causes of Landslide

  1. Influence of Slope - the steeper the slope the more it is prone in landslides.
  2. Lithology - the characteristic of rock can cause landslide.
• Natural Cause of Sinkhole

  1. Earthquake - vibration of the earth’s crust can cause breaking of rocks resulting in the groundwater to penetrate and dissolving the mineral.
  2. Water - dissolving the minerals in the rock resulting for creating a crack or gap.
  3. Groundwater - lowering the amount of groundwater causes a loss of support in the soft material resulting in a collapse.
• Human Cause of Sinkhole

  • Drilling
  • Mining
  • Deep Excavation
• Effects of Landslide/Sinkhole

  • Loss of Lives
  • Destruction of Infrastructure
  • Loss of natural resources