During fight or flight, the hypothalamus recognises a stressor and activates the pituitary gland which triggers the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
2. Adrenaline (a hormone) is then released from the adrenal medulla.
3. the release of adrenaline causes an increase in heart rate, increase in blood pressure, inhibition of digestion, dilated pupils, mouth dryness and sweating
4. after the threat has passes, the parasympathetic division is activated and thus your heart rate decreases, breathing rate decreases, pupils constrict and digestion is stimulated again.
The negative effects of fight or flight is that if you encounter a stressor or stressful event in real life like an exams, then your flight or fight response might kick in leading to a decrease in normal life performance.