Biology

• Living organisms


  • Reproduce
  • Evolve through natural selection
• Fungi


  • Eucaryotic
  • Heterotrophic
  • Pathogen, decomposer
  • Often reproduce through pores
  • e.g. yeast, mushrooms
• Protectiate


  • Eukaryotic
  • Perform photosynthesis
  • Primary prodmere, comoumers and decomposers
• Protists


  • e.g. amoeba, dinoflagellate, slime mould
• Fungi cell

  • Cell
  • Cell membrane
• Biodiversity


  Variety of living things in an area
• Ecosystem


  Distinct self-supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment
• Trophic level


  The number of steps from the start(food source) to decomposers, carnivores, etc.
• Abiotic factor


  Non-living part of an environment that shapes its suitability for living organisms
• Biotic factor


  Living part of an environment that shapes its suitability for living organisms
• Abiotic factors


  Affect population size by influencing competition, predation, and resources
• Biotic factors


  Affect population size by determining the environment for survival and availability of resources such as food or shelter
• Aerobic respiration


  Oxygen-using respiration that produces carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy
• Anaerobic respiration


  Respiration without oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and less energy
• Independent variable


  Variable that isn't affected by other measured factors
• Dependent variable


  Variable that depends on other factors
• Controlled variable


  Variable that can be controlled
• Lactobacillus


  Carries out anaerobic respiration and produces lactic acid, used in food production
• Consistent variables are important in studies to test and understand relationships between variables correctly
• Air pollution by carbon monoxide


  Can lead to health problems such as headaches, dizziness, and death
• Air pollution by sulfur dioxide


  Can exacerbate asthma and contribute to cardiovascular issues
• Greenhouse gases


  • Carbon dioxide
  • Methane
  • Nitrous oxides
• Greenhouse gases


  Trap heat from the sun, causing global warming
• Human activities contributing to greenhouse gases

  • Burning fossil fuels
  • Deforestation
  • Agricultural processes
• Global warming


  Leads to melting glaciers, severe weather events, and shifts in habitats
• Global warming


  Impacts agriculture and reduces biodiversity
• BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)

  Indicator of water pollution, measuring the amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms to break down organic matter
• Indicator species


  Organisms that indicate the health of an ecosystem, used to monitor pollution and identify areas of concern
• Deforestation


  Leads to soil erosion and degradation, climate change, and loss of biodiversity
• Deforestation


  Disrupts the carbon cycle (disturbance of carbomopriation)
• Soil erosion is a process where nutrients and minerals are washed away by water, due to the absence of plant roots to keep the soil in place
• Mitochondria produce energy through respiration
• The nucleus is the control centre of the cell
• Chromosomes are made up of DNA which contains genetic information.
• What is MRS H GREN? (hint: its an anagram)

  Movement

  Respiration

  Sensitivity

  
  

  Homeostasis (adapting)

  
  

  Growth

  Reproduction

  Excretion

  Nutrition
• What's a dichotomous key?

  A dichotomous key identifies organisms by dividing groups into 2 categories repeatedly with each sequential division.
• What does eukaryotic mean?

  Has a nucleus
• What does species mean?

  A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
• Name the 5 kingdoms.

  Monera

  Protista

  Fungi

  Plantae (plant)

  Animalia (animal)
• how do we categorise organism into the kingdoms? (the categorise)

  (hint: King Philip cried out "for goodness sake!")


  Species

  Genus

  Family

  Oder

  Class

  Phylum

  Kingdom