Mumbai

• Urbanisation:

  the proportion of the world's population that live in cities, it's the result of the neutral increase in the population
• Urban growth:

  the increase in the area covered by urban areas
• Advantages of a chloropleth map:

  • clearly shows areas of high/ low urbanisation
  • easy to read
  • easy to construct
• Disadvantages of a chloropleth map:

  • doesn't show actual population numbers
  • assumes the whole area shaded is urbanised
• HIC- high income country
• NEE- newly emerging economy
• LIC- low income country
• Megacity- a cit with a population of over 10 million
• urban- a built up man made environment
• migration- the movement of population from one area to another
• rural to urban migration- movement of population from the countryside to the city
• Push factors for Migration:

  • poverty
  • crop failure
  • over population
  • flooding
  • scarce land
  • lack of services
  • lack of safety
  • civil war
  • political and/or religious persecution
  • mechanisation of farming
• Natural increase:

  when the number of births is greater than the number deaths
• natural decrease:

  when the number of deaths is greater than the number of births
• birth rate:

  the number of births per 1000 people per year
• death rate:

  the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
• The regional importance of Mumbai:

  • Mumbai is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra
  • Mumbai contributes to 40% of Maharashtra's state income
  • Mumbai provides employment opportunities, over 3 million people commute to Mumbai each day for work
• National importance of Mumbai:

  • Mumbai accounts for 6% of India's GDP
  • Mumbai port is India's main port on the Arabian Sea, it handles approximately 60% of all sea trade
  • Mumbai is the financial capital of India, being home to the Mumbai stock exchange, India's leading stocks and shares market
• International importance of Mumbai:

  • a large number of international companies have branches in Mumbai, including Johnson and Johnson and Bank of America
  • Mumbai is the world's 29th largest city ninth world by GDP
  • Mumbai is popular with international tourists, Mumbai made $3.3 billion from visitors who stayed overnight in 2015
• International location of Mumbai:

  Mumbai is in India. India is located in Southern Asia within the northern hemisphere. The capital of India is New Delhi.
• Regional Location of Mumbai:

  India shares a border with 6 countries China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Nepal and Pakistan. Mumbai is in the Maharashtra which is in the west of India
• Local Location of Mumbai:

  Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai lies on the Konkon (450 mile long coast line) on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour in the Arabian Sea.
• Why has Mumbai's population grown?

  Due to a combination of natural increase and rural to urban migration
• Mumbai's Natural increase:

  the growth of the population is when there are more births than deaths

  the birth rate is 20.1 per 1000, higher than the death rate of 6.0 per 1000

  therefore there is a large natural increase in Mumbai of 14.1 per 1000

  however, birth rates are decreasing due to increased family planning and access to contraception
• What is Mumbai's birth rate?

  20.1 per 1000
• What is Mumbai's death rate?

  6.0 per 1000
• What percentage of migrants to Mumbai come from the Maharashtra state?

  70%
• Average age of the migrants to Mumbai?

  20-21
• Percentage of Male migrants to Mumbai?

  64%
• Why do people move to Mumbai?

  There are more job opportunities in the service industries and the manufacturing industries which play higher wages

  There are also more schools, health care facilities and better entertainment than in other parts of the Maharashtra state
• Why are people moving away from the countryside to Mumbai?

  Framing has become more mechanised so they need to look for new jobs and have access to better education and services, there have also been bad harvest and poor weather
• Opportunities of Urban Growth in Mumbai:

  Healthcare and Education

  Water Supply

  Energy

  Economic Opportunities

  Forman and Informal sectors
• What is the informal sector?

  Work away from the government's regulations, no minimum wage, no holiday rights, no minimum age, no safety measures
• Healthcare and education in Mumbai:

  Mumbai has a high literacy rates, but schools are overwhelmed with students and hospitals are unable to cope with number of patients.
• Water in Mumbai:


  The government control chlorinated water supplies, but with the exponential growth in population has caused a massive strain on these supplies. Legally set up slums have access to water for 2 hours in the morning, from 5 to 7 am.
• Only 60% of houses are connected to Mumbai's sewage system
• What do open sewers and polluted streams cause?

  Health risks
• How polluted is the Mithi River?

  over 800 million litres of untreated sewage enter the river everyday from factories
• Unemployment and crime in Mumbai:

  rapid urbanisation is leading to mass unemployment in Mumbai, the growth of the economy can't match the rate of growth of the population. There are a shortage of technicians and skilled engineers, most work in the informal sector, they do not pay taxes to the government.
• How high is the crime rate in Mumbai?

  3rd highest in India, nearly 1/3 been victims of crime, around 23% exposed to bribery