PURCOM

• ACADEMIC WRITING - is a formal style of writing used in universities and scholarly publications.
• STRUCTURED - academic writing should have clear structure derived from genre of writing
• EVIDENCED - opinions and arguments in academic writing should be supported by proof.
• CRITICAL - it requires a great deal of research in order for the writer to develop a deep enough understanding of the topic to be truly critical about it.
• BALANCED - this means giving considerations to all sides of the issue and avoiding bias.
• PRECISE - academic writing should use clear and precise language to ensure the reader understands the meaning.
• OBJECTIVE - the emphasis is placed on the arguments and information, rather than on the writer.
• FORMAL - tends to use longer words and more complex sentences, while avoiding contractions and colloquial or informal words or expressions that might be common in spoken English.
• TONE - refers to the type of language a writer uses to address their audience.
• REFERENCE STYLE - the system used to cite sources and acknowledge the ideas and work of other authors.
• IN-TEXT CITATION - reference that is placed in the written text of the paper.
• CONVETION - refer to the rules and guidelines that govern the structure, formatting, and layout of the paper.
• AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION - uses the author/date method of citation in which the author's last name and the year of the publication are inserted in the actual text of the paper.
• MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION - widely used in the humanities, especially in writing on language and literature. It uses brief parenthetical citations in the text.
• ACADEMIC WRITING - typically characterized by a formal tone, a focus on research and evidence-based arguments, and adherence to specific style and formatting guidelines.
• NON ACADEMIC WRITING - tends to have a more casual tone and may be intended to entertain or persuade.