L10-12 quiz

• structures in order of the path of air flow from the atmosphere to the lungs:

  • nasal passages
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • bronchioles
  • alveolus
• lung surfactant function


  decrease surface tension of the liquid lining the alveoli

  prevent smaller alveoli from collapsing into larger ones
• lung surfactant is deficient in respiratory

  distress syndrome
• lung surfactant contains dipamitoylphospatidylcholine (DPPC)
• lung surfactant concentration tends to be greater in the

  smaller alveoli
• air exchanged during normal breathing

  tidal volume
• extra volume inhaled by maximal effort

  inspiratory reserve volume
• extra volume exhaled by maximum effort


  expiratory reserve volume
• volume remaining in the lungs following maximum expiration

  residual volume
• inflammation of bronchial mucous membrane

  bronchitis
• lack of oxygen due to airway obstruction

  asphyxia
• caused by bacterial infection of the lungs

  tuberculosis
• lack of breath due to constriction of smooth muscle of bronchioles

  asthma
• lack of oxygen supply to tissues causes confusion, lack of consciousness

  hypoxia
• when partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood increases:

  • concentration of bicarbonate increases
  • concentration of hydrogen ions increases
  • pH of the blood decreases
• occurs during inspiration:

  • diaphragm contracts
  • external intercostal muscles contract
  • intrapleual pressure drops to -6mm Hg
• autonomic control of breathing is regulated by:

  • aortic and carotid bodies
  • pH of the blood
  • partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood
  • pH of the cerebrospinal fluid
  • respiratory control centre in the medulla of the brain stem
• proprioceptors are 


  stretch receptors that monitor lung volume