African-Americans

• Mississippi Literacy Tests - Voting restrictions imposed in Mississippi and other Southern states requiring potential voters to pass literacy tests


  1890
• Atlanta Compromise - Speech by Booker T. Washington advocating for African American progress through vocational education + economic self-reliance, while accepting segregation + political disenfranchisement


  1895
• Grandfather Clause - Legal provision in Southern states allowing individuals to vote only if their ancestors had voted prior to the Civil War


  1895-1910
• Plessy v. Ferguson - Supreme Court case upholding racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine


  1896
• Niagara Movement - Organisation founded by W.E.B. Du Bois + others advocating for full civil liberties, political equality, and to end segregation + discrimination


  1905
• National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People - Civil rights organisation aimed at eliminating racial discrimination + achieving civil rights for African Americans


  1909
• WEB Du Bois


  African-American civil rights activist, co-founder of the NAACP, + leading advocate for racial equality, political representation + social justice
• Booker T. Washington


  African-American educator advocating for educational + economic advancement of African-Americans
• Migration from South to North US
• Helped fight in the war
• Some states – only homeowners can vote