DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

• entrance of food to the body

  oral cavity
• musclar tube connecting the oral cavity and the esophagus

  pharynx
• superior part of pharynx that is involved air transmission and equilibrium

  nasopharynx
• middle part of pharynx that serves as the passage for food from the mouth

  oropharynx
• the bottom segment of the pharynx that marks the branching paathway between the digestive aand respiratory system

  laryngopharynx
• musculaar tube that connects pharynx to the stomach

  esophagus
• is a J-shaped organ composed

  predominantly of involuntary smooth muscle. Its main

  functions include temporary food storage, mechanical

  mixing and breakdown, and further chemical digestion.

  stomach
• The entrance to the stomach that acts as a

  temporary storage for food.

  fundus
• A major part of the stomach where mechanical

  mixing of food with gastric juices and enzymes take

  place.

  body
• The lower region where food is retained much

  longer.

  antrum
• The closing of the stomach which regulates the

  pyloric sphincter towards the small intestine.

  pylorus
• a highly coiled, muscular tube of

  about 22 meters, crucial for nutrient absorption.


  small intestine
• The shortest and uppermost part, receiving

  partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach. It

  receives chyme from the stomach and neutralizes acids

  before they damage the small intestine.

  duodenum
• The middle section, where most of the nutrient

  absorption takes place. The jejunum has a folded inner

  lining with finger-like projections called villi, significantly

  increasing the surface area for nutrient uptake.

  jejunum
• The final section, responsible for absorbing any

  remaining nutrients and water.

  Ileum
• A large, reddish-brown organ located in the upper

  right abdomen, below the diaphragm. It is an important

  organ for bile production, detoxification, and metabolism.

  liver
• A small, pear-shaped organ located beneath

  the liver whose main function is to store and concentrate

  the bile produced by the liver. It aids in fat digestion.

  gall bladder
• A glandular organ located behind the stomach,

  extending horizontally across the abdomen. Its exocrine

  function includes producing enzymes (such as trypsin,

  chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase) that break down food

  in the small intestine. Its endocrine function is on hormone

  release of insulin and glucagon to maintain blood sugar

  balance.

  pancreas
• This is a muscular tube about 1.5 meters long that

  sits in the lower abdomen. It is the last leg of the

  digestion journey.

  large intestine
• The first part of the large intestine that

  houses the appendix. It serves as the meeting point

  for the large and small bowels to meet.

  cecum
• The longest part of the large intestine,

  divided into the ascending, transverse, descending,

  and sigmoid colons. It is necessary for water

  absorption, fecal formation, and hosting beneficial

  gut bacteria.

  colon
• The final section that stores stool until it is

  eliminated by the anus.

  rectum
• a genetic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine when gluten is consumed. It results from an immune reaction to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley,

  and rye. When individuals with celiac disease ingest gluten, their immune system responds by

  damaging the small intestine's lining.

  celiac disease
• A gastrointestinal disorder that affects the stomach and intestines that require long-term management.

  Irritable Bowel syndrome(1bs)
• Excessive bacteria in the small intestine leading to digestive issues.

  Small intestinal bacterial growth(sibo)
• frequent and loose bowel movements, often accompanied by abdominal pain and urgency

  diarrhea
• an infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica

  • transmitted through contaminated food or water

  Amoebiasis
• • infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stools (often dry and hard)
  • due to inadequate dietary fiber, dehydration, sedentary lifestyle

  Constipation