Unit 8 World History Review

• Definition of Caliphate?

  Islamic state led by a caliph, the successor to the Prophet Muhammad
• Definition of Caliph?

  Supreme religious and political leader in an Islamic state
• Definition of Mecca?

  Holiest city in Islam, birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad
• Definition of Hajj?

  Required pilgrimage to Mecca for Muslims
• Definition of Byzantine Empire?

  Eastern continuation of the Roman Empire
• Definition of Qu’ran?

  Holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad
• What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

  Shahada (Faith), Salah (Prayer), Zakat (Charity), Sawm (Fasting), Hajj (Pilgrimage)
• Describe how the Islamic Empire spread?

  The Islamic Empire expanded by using a combination of military conquests, trade routes, and spreading Islam through missionary activities
• Describe the Sunni-Sha split?

  dispute over the rightful successor to Prophet Muhammad, with Sunnis favoring an elected caliph and Shias supporting a caliph who was a direct descendant of Muhammad
• Who were the key players in the Sunni-Sha split?

  Abu Bakr and Ali
• What were the major contributions of the Islamic Empire?

  advancements in science, mathematics, medicine, architecture, and philosophy, which influenced the development of various fields and cultures globally
• While Europe was in the “Dark Ages” what was happening in the Islamic Empire?

  great advancements in science, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy. Scholars in the Islamic Empire preserved and translated classical Greek and Roman texts, leading to significant developments in various fields. This period is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age.
• Describe Muhammad and how other people in the empire saw him?

  founder of Islam and the final prophet in the religion. He is revered by Muslims, while non-Muslims may have varying perspectives on him
• Who were the Umayyads and what did they accomplish?

  first Islamic dynasty after the death of Muhammad. They expanded the Islamic empire to its greatest territorial extent, centralized power, and established Arabic as the official language
• What were the Crusades and how did they affect the Islamic Empire?

  series of religious wars waged by European Christians to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control
• Describe the impact of the Islamic Empire and how they shaped the Middle East today?

  profound, shaping the region culturally, religiously, and intellectually, with lasting impacts evident in art, architecture, and societal norms today
• Describe why Jerusalem is so important to Islam, Christianity, and Judaism?

  Jerusalem is the third holiest city, housing the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. In Christianity, Jerusalem is where Jesus was crucified and resurrected, making it a holy site. In Judaism, Jerusalem is home to the Western Wall, the last remnant of the Second Temple