TLE GR7 Q4

• Robot


  A machine created to automatically perform one or more tasks fast and accurately
• Industrial Revolution


  • Shift to new processes of production
  • Things produced by hand have moved to the use of machinery in larger factories
• Robots before the Revolutions

  • Pigeon robot of Archytas (ancient Greek mathematician in 400 to 350 BCE)
• The kinds of robots that we know today actually came into existence during the Second Industrial Revolution
• First Industrial Revolution / "Steam Power"


  • Used steam powered engines
  • The steam engine performed mechanical work by utilizing steam as its working fluid
• First industrial steam powered engine

  • "Miner's Friend" constructed and patented in London
• Second Industrial Revolution / "Age of Science and Mass Production"

  • Development of pre-existing industries and growth of new ones such as oil, electrical companies
  • Introduction of public transports and aircrafts
• Robot from Second Industrial Revolution


  • Unimate, the first digitally operable and programmable robot used by carmakers to automate metalworking and welding processes
• Third Industrial Revolution / "Digital Age"


  • Introduction of the computer
  • Shift from analog to digital technology
• Digital technology


  • Use of digital or computerized devices, systems, methods, and resources that generate, store or process data
• Fourth Industrial Revolution / "Cyber Physical System"


  • Mixture of technological-driven advancements such as artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, genetic editing, and other technologies
• Robots in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

  • Educational robots (mBot)
  • Home robots (Landroid)
  • Security robots (Knightscope's K5)
  • Healthcare robots (Da Vinci Surgical)
• Machine


  Anything that makes life easier. A mechanical structure that applies forces and controls movement by using power, to do a specific task.
• Simple machine


  A mechanical device which modifies a force's direction or magnitude. They can generally be described as the simplest mechanisms that multiply force using mechanical advantage (also called leverage). Machines that cannot move on their own and need human input are simple machines.
• Different kinds of simple machines

  • Wheel and axle
  • Inclined plane
  • Wedge
  • Lever
  • Pulley
  • Screw
• Wheel and axle


  • Helps in making tasks easier by moving objects across distances. The wheel turns with the axle that would cause movement. A good example is a doorknob.
• Inclined plane


  • A tilted even supporting plane. A typical example is a ramp.

  
• Wedge


  • Usually used to hold together objects or to cut them apart. An axe blade is a typical example.
• Lever


  • A board that is freely able to rotate on a pivot. A good example is a seesaw.
• Pulley


  • Shifts the direction of the force. An example is a rope attached to a pulley that helps in raising and lowering the flag in a flagpole.
• Screw


  • Used to hold things together. A screw helps by making it easy to turn or move through a solid space like a concrete wall.
• Augmenting robots


  Built to enhance human capabilities or to restore lost ones. Can be simple prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons.
• Pre-programmed robots


  Robots that follow the program encoded in them beforehand. Commonly found in factories as part of assembly lines.
• Bionics


  The application of behaviors and methods found in nature to design and study engineering systems and modern-day technology. In robotics, bionics is used to mimic how a biological object behaves, not to recreate its biological structure.
• Bionic limbs


  • A robotic arm that can grow with a baby born without a hand.
• Humanoid robots


  Robots that mimic human behavior, speech, and appearances. Made to perform human activities or designed to look like humans for peace of mind.
• Teleoperated robots


  Robots that humans control, meant to operate in harsh environments and conditions.
• Autonomous robots


  Robots that can operate without the need for human operators. A great example is the Roomba vacuum cleaner.
• Androids


  Robots that look like humans but with internal robot mechanics.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)


  The capability of a robot to do things that can only be done through human intelligence.
• Anatomy of a robot


  The structure of a robot
• Robots


  • Can come in many different shapes and forms
  • Can have vastly different purposes
• Essential components of a robot's structure

  • Sensors
  • Actuators
  • Robot Joints
  • Manipulator
  • Kinematics
  • Control System
  • Power Source
  • Body/Frame
• Sensors


  Used by robots to sense their environment through sight, sound, scent, taste, and touch
• Sensor types


  • Camera
  • Can detect movement or distance of an object
• Actuators


  The hands and feet of a robot
• Types of end effectors

  • Grippers
  • Tools
• Grippers


  Used to pick up and place down objects
• Tools


  Used to carry out operations based on the tool attached to the robot
• Robot Joints


  Allow the robot to perform actions such as sliding or rotating one of its components to carry out an operation better