"Laddish" Subcultures

• Epstein found working class boys are more likely to be labelled sissies and 'swots' (homophobic abuse)
• Francis found boys feared being called 'Swots' more then girls as it was a threat to their masculinity
• Francis argued boys fearing being called 'Swots' was because it was a threat to a working class masculine culture
• Working class boys reject schoolwork because they fear being called gay or bullied
• <EVAL> + Francis/Epstein


  +Willis agrees

  +Sugarman agrees