Lesson 2

• • Imposed by the Spanish Government in the Philippines.
  • All the Spanish Colonies in America and the Philippines were required to pay it for two reasons.

  1. As recognition of Spain's Sovereignty over the Colonies.
  2. To defray the expenses of pacification (The act of forcibly suppressing hostility within the colonies) and governance, thereafter.

  Tax
• • Was a general tax paid by the Filipinos to Spain which amounted to eight reales. Those who were required to pay the tributo the:

  1. 18 to 50 years old males
  2. The Carpenters, bricklayers, blacksmiths, tailors and shoe makers
  3. Town workers such as those in road construction, and those whose is public in nature...

  Tributo
• • Was a tax in the amount of 3 reales.
  • These were required for the cost of Christianization, including the construction of the churches and the purchase of materials for religious celebrations

  Sanctorum
• • Was the tax in the amount of half real for the military campaign of the government against the muslims.
  • In the later years, however, the amount collected from it was almost exclusively used for the Spanish fort in Zamboanga

  Donativo
• • was a tax collected in the amount of 1 real for the incurred expenses of the town in the construction of roads, repair of bridges, or the improvement of public buildings

  Caja de comunidad
• • Was a system of forced labor within the encomienda system, established by the Spanish conquistadors and Catholic priests in South American colonies and other Spanish colonial territories worldwide.
  • Under this system, men aged 16 to 60 were compelled to provide 40 days of personal service for community projects.
  • This system exemplified the coercive nature of colonial labor practices, imposing obligations on indigenous populations for the benefit of colonial authorities and settlers.

  Servicio Personal
• • Occured in 1589 in the present-day provinces of Cagayan and Ilocos Norte on Luzon Island.
  • Spanning the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, the revolts were responses to perceived abuses by tax collectors.
  • Grievances among the Ilocanos, Ibanags, and other Filipino communities against tax collectors.
  • Allegations of high taxation and oppressive practices fueled discontent among the local population.
  • Six tax collectors dispatched from Vigan were killed by the natives, triggering the uprising

  Cagayan and Dingras Revolts
• • Took place between 1649 and 1650 on Samar Island in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
  • Led by a local chieftain named Juan Ponce Sumuroy, the revolt emerged as a response to oppressive Spanish colonial policies and forced labor practices.
  • Grievances among the local population against forced labor, known as "polo y servicios, "imposed by Spanish authorities.
  • Economic exploitation, religious oppression, and cultural suppression fueled discontent among the indigenous communities.

  Sumuroy's Revolt
• • Occurred in 1660 in the province of Pampanga, located in central Luzon, Philippines.
  • Named after its leader, Don Andres Malong Maniago, the revolt emerged as a response to oppressive Spanish colonial policies and socioeconomic grievances.
  • Economic exploitation and land disputes exacerbated by Spanish colonial land policies.
  • Heavy taxation and forced labor practices imposed on the indigenous population, leading to widespread discontent among the local communities.

  Maniago's Revolt
• • Occurred in 1660 in Pangasinan, a province in the Philippines.
  • Led by Don Andres Malong, a local chieftain and leader, the rebellion emerged as a response to oppressive Spanish colonial policies and socioeconomic grievances.
  • Economic exploitation and land disputes exacerbated by Spanish colonial land policies.
  • Heavy taxation and forced labor practices imposed on the indigenous population by Spanish authorities.

  Malong's Revolt
• • One of the good reforms which Spain introduced in the 19th century.
  • provided by the Royal Decree on March 6, 1884, this tax reform contained two important provisions.

  1. Abolition of the hated Tribute and its replacement of Cedula Tax and;
  2. Reduction of the 40-day annual forced labor (polo) to 15 days.

  The Tax Reform of 1884
• • Began with the Royal Decree on March 6, 1884, in the Philippines.
  • This decree mandated that all adult residents of the islands, regardless of nationality or ethnicity, obtain it.
  • There were a total of 16 different classes of cedulas, with nine classes subject to taxation ranging from 1.50 to 25 Pesos. Additionally, there was a tenth class for priests, soldiers, and privileged individuals.

  Cedula Personales