POE 1

• Engineer


  One who practices engineering
• Formal designations for those licensed to practice engineering

  • European Engineer
  • Professional Engineer
  • Chartered Engineer
  • Incorporated Engineer
• Engineering


  • Encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology
• Achievements of ancient engineers

  • The Acropolis and the Parthenon in Greece
  • The Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and the Colosseum
  • The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
  • The Pharos of Alexandria
  • The pyramids in Egypt
  • Teotihuacán and the cities and pyramids of the Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires
  • The Great Wall of China
• Imhotep


  The earliest known civil engineer, who probably designed and supervised the construction of the Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt around 2630-2611 BC
• Mechanical engineering achievements in ancient Greece

  • The Antikythera mechanism, the earliest known model of a mechanical computer in history
  • The mechanical inventions of Archimedes
• Military engineering achievements in ancient times

  • The Ballista and catapult used by Chinese and Roman armies
  • The Trebuchet developed in the Middle Ages
• Problem solving in engineering

  • Engineers use their knowledge of science, mathematics, and appropriate experience to find suitable solutions to a problem
  • Creating an appropriate mathematical model allows them to analyze the problem and test potential solutions
  • Usually multiple reasonable solutions exist, so engineers must evaluate the different design choices on their merits and choose the best solution
• Overlap between science and engineering

  • In engineering, one applies science
  • Both areas rely on accurate observation of materials and phenomena, and use mathematics and classification criteria to analyze and communicate observations
  • Scientists are expected to interpret their observations and make expert recommendations for practical action
• Art


  A wide range of human activities (or the products thereof) that involve creative imagination and an aim to express technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas
• The three classical branches of visual art

  • Painting
  • Sculpture
  • Architecture
• Art form


  The elements of art that are independent of its interpretation or significance, such as color, contour, dimension, medium, melody, space, texture, and value
• Non-motivated functions of art

  • Basic human instinct for harmony, balance, rhythm
  • Experience of the mysterious
  • Expression of the imagination
  • Ritualistic and symbolic functions
• Motivated functions of art


  • Communication
  • Entertainment
  • Political change (the Avant-Garde)
  • A "free zone" removed from social censure
  • Social inquiry, subversion or anarchy
  • Raising awareness for social causes
  • Psychological and healing purposes
  • Propaganda or commercialism
  • Fitness indicator
• Mathematics


  The science of structure, order, and relation that has evolved from elemental practices of counting, measuring, and describing the shapes of objects
• Science


  A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world
• The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE
• Mathematics has developed far beyond basic counting. This growth has been greatest in societies complex enough to sustain these activities and to provide leisure for contemplation and the opportunity to build on the achievements of earlier mathematicians.
• Mathematical systems


  Combinations of sets of axioms and of theorems that can be logically deduced from the axioms
• Inquiries into the logical and philosophical basis of mathematics reduce to questions of whether the axioms of a given system ensure its completeness and its consistency.
• Earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia


  Around 3000 to 1200 BCE
• After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age.
• The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy", which was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.
• The scientific method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape; along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science."
• Major branches of modern science

  • Natural sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics)
  • Social sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology)
  • Formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science)
• There is disagreement on whether the formal sciences actually constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence.
• Applied sciences


  Disciplines that use existing scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine
• Technology


  The current state of humanity's knowledge of how to combine resources to produce desired products, to solve problems, fulfill needs, or satisfy wants; it includes technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and raw materials
• Technology can be viewed as an activity that forms or changes culture.
• Technology predates both science and engineering, each of which formalize some aspects of technological endeavor.
• Science

  Systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation
• Engineering


  The goal-oriented process of designing and making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena for practical human means, often (but not always) using results and techniques from science
• The development of technology may draw upon many fields of knowledge, including scientific, engineering, mathematical, linguistic, and historical knowledge, to achieve some practical result.
• Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering, although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields.
• STEM education was introduced in order to improve competitiveness in Science and Technology in the United States in 2003.
• In 2007 George Yakman announced STEAM in addition to art to the STEM.
• STEAM


  An educational approach that integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics
• STEAM is to foster creative human resources by integrating STEM and art.
• Science provides a methodological tool in the art and art provides creative model in the development of science.
• Science uses imagination and emotion, thinking that the power of visualization principles of art and art uses scientific discoveries and principles of science.