circulatory system

• Right Atrium - Chamber of the frog's heart whichreceives blood from the sinus venosus
• Left Atrium - The chamber of the heart that receivesblood from the lungs
• Pulmonary Veins - The blood vessels that carry bloodform the lungs to the left atrium
• Ventricle - Chamber of a frog’s heart that pumps bloodout of the heart to the lungs and other parts of the body
• Truncus Arteriosis - Large artery in a frog that carriesblood away from the ventricle into branches that lead toall parts of the body
• Anterior Vena Cava - Large vein that carries blood fromthe anterior part of the body toward the heart.
• Posterior Vena Cava - Large vein that carries bloodfrom the posterior part of the body towards the heart
• Sinus Venosus - Sac that receives blood from the venacava
• Pulmonary artery- delivers deoxygenated blood to thelungs for oxygenation
• Pulmonary vein- oxygenated blood from the lungs anddelivers it back to the heart for distribution throughout thebody
• atrio-ventricular valves – thinflaps between the atria andventricle
• Semilunar Valve - Thick flap located between the ventriclesand great vessels (pulmonary or aorta)
• Frogs, like Rana, have a three-chambered heart consisting of two atriaand one ventricle.
• The right atrium receives deoxygenatedblood from the veins, which is thenpumped into the ventricle
• The ventricle is responsible for pumpingblood out of the heart to the rest of thebody
• Oxygenated blood enters the left atriumfrom both the lungs and skin, and thenflows into the ventricle as well
• Frogs have special muscles and valvesthat help to minimize the mixing of thetwo types of blood
• Conus arteriosus - on the ventral side of the heartis a cone-shaped or bulb-shaped structure locatedbetween the auricles (atria)
• Truncus Arteriosus- Large artery in a frog thatcarries blood away from the ventricle into branchesthat lead to all parts of the body.ARTERIAL SYSTEM
• Sinus venosus - a thin triangular sac receives deoxygenatedblood from different parts of the body.
• Precavae (anterior venae cavae) - are big veins originatingfrom the anterior right and left border of the sinus venosus
• Postcava (posterior vena cava) is a large unpaired veinlocated on the posterior end of the sinus venosus
• Hepatic portal vein - can be seen by gently deflecting theleft lobe of the liver and lightly scratching the substance ofthe pancreas to expose it
• Renal portal veins - are separately located on the lateralmargin of each kidney. .
• Blood vessels

  Transports blood throughout the bodyto organs and tissues

  • Regulates blood pressure and bloodflow by constricting or dilating

  • Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cellsand tissues for metabolism

  • Removes metabolic waste productsfrom cells and tissues

  • Facilitates immune response andinflammatory processes

  • Provides a physical barrier betweenblood and surrounding tissues