Stage Check 2

• Relocated Runway Threshold 


  Typically ten foot wide white bar across the width of the runway. Only available for taxi.

  
• Displaced Threshold


  White arrows located along the centerline. Can be used for taxi, takeoff, and landings from opposite direction.

  
• Runway Safety Area


  Area prepared for reducing the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot, overshoot, or excursion from the runway.

  
• Runway Holding Position Sign

  You should never allow any part of your aircraft to cross the runway holding position sign without clearance from ATC.

  
• Runway Holding Position Marking

  Prior to reaching the solid lines, it is imperative to stop and ensure that no portion of the aircraft intersects the first solid yellow line.

  
• Runway Distance Remaining Signs

  Indicates the distance, in thousands of feet, of landing runway remaining.

  
• Runway Designation Marking


  The runway number is the whole number nearest one-tenth the magnetic azimuth of the centerline of the runway, measured clockwise from the magnetic north.

  
• Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)


  Minimum Ceiling of 1,000 feet and 3 statute miles of visibility.
• Taxiway Markings and Signs


  Have a yellow background and black characters

  
• Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking


  Warns you of an upcoming runway. Yellow dashed lines on either side of the normal solid taxiway centerline and the dashes extend up to 150 feet prior to a runway holding position marking.

  
• Destination Signs 


  Black characters on a yellow background indicating a destination at the airport

  
• Holding Position Signs and Markings for an ILS Critical Area

  If ATC does not instruct you to hold at this point, then you may bypass the ILS critical area hold position markings

  
• Holding Position Markings for Taxiway/Taxiway Intersections

  Consist of a single dashed yellow line extending across the width of the taxiway.

  
• Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways


  Taxiways that are permanently closed have lighting circuits that are disconnected. The runway threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated and yellow X's are placed at each end of the runway and at 1,000 foot intervals.

  
• Temporarily Closed Runways and Taxiways


  Yellow X's are placed at each end of the runway.

  
• Mandatory Instruction Signs 


  Red background with white inscription. Denote entrance to a runway, critical area, or prohibited area.

  
• Location Signs 


  Black with yellow inscription and a yellow border, no arrows.

  
• Direction Signs 


  Yellow background with black inscription. Identifies the direction of intersecting taxiways leading out of an intersection

  
• Information Signs 


  Yellow background with black inscription.

  
• Airport Beacon


  Help a pilot identify an airport at night. Normally operated from dusk until dawn. Sometimes they are turned on if the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet and/or ground visibility is less than 3 SM.
• Civilian Land Airports

  Flashing white and green
• Water Airport

  Flashing white and yellow
• Heliport

  Flashing white, yellow, and green
• Military Airport

  Two quick white flashes alternating with a green flash
• Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)


  Provides obstruction clearance within 10 degrees of the extended runway centerline and up to 4 NM from the runway threshold. Normally one visual glidepath that is set at 3 degrees.

  
• Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)


  Similar to VASI, but in single row. Useful range is about four miles during day and up to ten miles at night.

  
• Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL)


  Provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway. Has a pair of flashing lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold.

  
• Runway Edge Lights


  These lights are white, except on instrument runways where amber lights are used on the last 2,000 feet or half the length of the runway, whichever is less. The lights marking the end of the runway are red.

  
• Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS)


  Located along the runway centerline and spaced at 50-foot intervals. White until the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet. For the remaining 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline lights are red.

  
• Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL)


  Two rows of light bars positioned symmetrically to the runway centerline. White lights that start 100 feet beyond the landing threshold and extend to 3,000 feet beyond the landing threshold or to the midpoint of the runway, whichever is less.

  
• Taxiway Centerline Lead-Off Lights


  Visual guidance to a person exiting the runway. Alternate green and yellow lights, beginning with green, from the runway centerline to one centerline light position beyond the runway holding position.

  
• Land and Hold Short Lights

  A row of pulsing white lights installed across the runway at the hold short point. Only on when LAHSO is in effect.

  
• Control of Airport Lighting

  Airport lighting is controlled by ATC at towered airports. At selected nontowered airports, the pilot may control the lighting by using the radio.
• Omnidirectional Taxiway Lights 


  Outline the edges of the taxiway and are blue in color. Some airports also have taxiway centerline lights that are green in color.

  
• Clearance Bar Lights


  Installed at holding positions on taxiways in order to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in low visibility conditions. Consist of three in-pavement yellow lights.

  
• Runway Guard Lights

  Installed at taxiway/runway intersections. Either a pair of elevated flashing yellow lights installed on either side of the taxiway, or a row of in-pavement yellow lights installed across the entire taxiway.

  
• Stop Bar Lights


  Used to confirm the ATC clearance to enter or cross the active runway. Consists of a row of red steady in-pavement lights installed across the entire taxiway. Also, elevated steady red lights on each side.

  
• Wind Direction Indicators

  • ATC
  • FSS
  • Wind Cone
  • Tetrahedron
  • Wind Tee
• Diversion

  1. Find Location
  2. Start Timer
  3. Estimate Heading
  4. Find Real Heading (+7)
  5. Measure Distance
  6. Calculate Time
  7. Calculate Fuel Burn
  8. Find required frequencies
  9. Find Airport (pilotage)
• Wingtip Vortices 


  Trailing vortices are the byproduct of wing lift. Circulate outward, upward, and around the wingtip.