Phospholipid bilayer that controls what exits and enters the cell
Nucleus
Double membrane, pores to allow mRNA to leave, contains genetic material, controls the expression of proteins through the production of mRNA and tRNA
Mitochondria
Double membrane, inner membrane called cristae, internal fluid called matrix. Site of aerobic respiration and produced ATP.
DNA in the Nucleus
Linear, DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form chromatin
Chloroplast
Found in plant cells, double membrane, contains grana-stacks of thylakoids which contain chlorophyll, grana linked together by lamellae. Stroma-internal fluid. Site of photosynthesis
Golgi apparatus
cisternae surrounded by a membrane
modifies, stores and transports lipids and proteins,
forms lysosomes,
packages lipids and proteins into vesicles and transports them to their final destination
Lysosome
contains hydrolytic enzymes
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis, 2 sub-units, made from ribosomal RNA and proteins, 80s and 70s
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
continuous with the surface of the nucleus, has ribosomes attached, modifies and transports proteins that have been produced by ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesises, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates
Cell Wall
Found in plants and prokaryotes, made of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi and murein in prokaryotes. Provides structure
Vacuole
Sac filled with cell sap, tonoplast-membrane surrounding vacuole to control the entry and exit of chemicals
Plasmids
In prokaryotes, small ring of genetic material
Flagellum
On prokaryotes, allow movement
Viruses
Non-cellular infectious particles, reproduce once inside host cells, has lipid envelope and attachment proteins on outside
