health and social care

• puberty in boys includes muscles and bones growing, testies swell and grow, voice deepens, body hair on face and chest, grow taller, shoulders broaden
• puberty in girls include periods start, body hair, breasts grow, acne, mood swings, weight gain on hips and thighs, waist becomes narrow
• menopause symptoms include: hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, brain fog, difficulty sleeping, reduced sex drive, discomfort during sex
• menopause happens around 44-55 years old at the end of a women’s reproductive life when her body stops producing eggs and oestrogen levels drops. her periods will become unfrequent and eventually stop.
• milestones: stages in development
• developmental norms: points in development that are expected to happen at a certain age
• fine motor skills: small, manipulative movements made with small muscles like fingers
• gross motor skills: involve whole body movements using control of large muscles
• fine motor skills examples are holding a spoon, playing the piano, putting on makeup
• gross motor skills include running, jumping, skipping and hopping
• infancy: 0-3

  childhood: 3-12

  adolescence: 12-19

  adulthood: 20-65

  later adulthood: 65+
• development: emergence and increase in sophistication of skills abilities and emotions.
• growth: gradual increase in physical size (height and mass)
• features of aging: fine lines around eyes, dry skin, hair discolouration and hair loss, wrinkle, loss of vision, brittle bones, teeth and gums recede, difficulty hearing, trouble controlling bladder and bowls
• Active participation is a way of working that regards individuals as active partners. active participation recognises everyone’s right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible.
• values of active participation: make informed choices, independence, listened to, chose own support
• benefits of active participation: increased opportunities, greater control, skills and knowledge, improved physical and mental health, decreased vulnerability, education and employment
• resilience: the capacity of of something or when an individual can bounce back from certain stressors.
• Aces stand for “Adverse Childhood Experiences”
• types of abuse: emotional, sexual, neglect, physical, _
• household challenges involved with ACEs include domestic violence, substance abuse, mental illnesses, parental separation and divorce
• what do children learn through play?

  communication, balance, co ordination, memory, problem solving, concentration, shapes, friendships, letters
• acute disease: short term illness
• chronic disease: long term illness
• degenerative: causes limitations and changes to abilities over time
• what are the different genetic diseases?

  dwarfism, cystic fibrosis, spina bífida, MS, heart disease, down syndrome
• learning disabilities include down syndrome, dyslexia, dyspraxia, colour blindness, williams syndrome
• what are the sensory disabilities?

  autism, mute, blindness, deaf, anosmia, somatosensory impairment
• preventable diseases: type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, types of cancer, obesity
• other illnesses: arthritis, parkinson’s disease, depression, diabetes, strokes, OCD, anxiety, ADHD
• norms for childhood?

  moral development

  co op play

  reading and writing

  fine motor skills
• norms for adolescents?

  puberty

  exams

  emotional changes

  develop sense of own values

  more independence
• norms for infancy ?

  crawling

  walking

  sitting

  speaking
• norms for later adulthood?

  skin loses elasticity

  retirement

  may lose height

  senses deteriorate

  death of spouse
• norms for middle adulthood?

  menopause

  older adults develop grey hair

  skin is less supple

  less active
• norms for early adult hood?

  marrige

  family

  financial responsibility
• life stage: a defined period of growth and development
• self image: how you see your self
• life span: the time between a persons birth and death
• self esteem: how you value yourself