A01

• A01; outline 


  freud states the mind is largely unconscious(biological instinct which influence personality and behaviour)
• 3 parts to the mind 


  conscious- part of mind which is aware

  preconscious-contains thoughts and memories which arent in conscious awareness but can be accessed

  unconscious-hold repressed memories as a defence mechanism to trauma which can come to light during dreams or freudian slip
• the structure of personality

  the id=pleasure principle, primitive aspects of behaviour aim for immediate gratification(birth to 18 months)

  the ego=reality principle,mediator between id and superego and involved in defence mechanisms(18 months to 3 years old)

  super ego=morality principle, formed at end of the phallic stage, internal sense of wrong and right and punishes/praises the ego based on this(3-6 years)
• defensive mechanisms(ego) 


  unconscious and ensure not overwhelmed by trauma

  • repression= forcing distressing memory out of conscious mind
  • denial=refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality
  • displacement= transferring feelings from true source to a substitute
• psychosexual stages

  • freud believes child development happens in 5 stages, each stage marks a different conflict which child must resolve
  • unresolved conflicts lead to fixations in adulthood
• 5 stages

  1. oral, focus on mouth=oral fixation such as smoking/biting nails
  2. anal,focus on holding and expelling faeces=anal expulsive(messy) or anal retentive(perfectionist)
  3. phallic stage, genital area= narcissitic personality
  4. latency,sexual desires repressed
  5. genital,sexual desires become conscious
• oedipus complex

  • boys desire closeness with mother, father is rival
  • boys fear their father will castrate them
  • to reduce anxiety boys identify with father
• electra complex

  • girls desire closeness with father, dont fear mother- no castration anxiety
  • girls fear losing mothers love
  • to reduce anxiety girls identify with mothers