Respiration and Circulation.’ 🫀

• Where does Gas exchange take place?

  Alveoli
• What are the parts of the Respiratory system in order?

  Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli
• What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?

  Contracts downwards
• What is the word equation for Fermentation?

  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen - Carbon dioxide + Water (energy released)
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

  Glucose - Lactic acid (energy released)
• What things decrease lung volume?

  Smoking, Old age, Asthma
• What do capillaries do?

  exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues.
• Give the 4 main parts of the blood

  Plasma, Platelets, Red and White blood cells
• What increases lung volume?

  Exercise
• Give two uses of fermentation

  Baking and making alcohol
• Where does glucose come from?

  Carbohydrates
• What is a double circulatory system?

  Two circuits that cycle blood around the body
• What do Capillaries do?


  Exchange materials at tissues
• What do veins do?

  Take blood back to the heart
• What do arteries do?

  Carry blood away from the heart.
• What do white blood cells do?

  Fight infections
• What do red blood cells do?

  Carry oxygen
• What do platelets do?

  Clot blood
• What does blood plasma do?

  Carry all the parts of the blood
• Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right?

  Because it transports blood to the entire body
• Why are arteries walls thicker than veins?

  Because they transport blood at a higher pressure, since they transport it towards the whole body, and so blood doesn’t seep out
• Do arteries or veins have bigger lumens?

  Veins
• What are Valves and what do they do

  They prevent backflow in veins
• Draw a diagram of the heart


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• Give three ways alveoli are adapted for gas exchange

  There are millions of them for larger surface area,

  1 Cell Thick walls for quicker gas exchange

  Surrounded by capillaries to carry oxygen quickly
• How do you measure lung volume?


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• What is oxygen debt?

  Lactic acid causes pain in muscles, when finished exercise you breathe heavily,

  Extra oxygen inhaled breaks down lactic acid

  The extra oxygen needed is called oxygen debt
• Give the word equation for Cardiac Output

  Cardiac output (mL/min) = Stroke volume (mL) x Heart rate (bpm)
• What is cardiac output?


  The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
• Give ways your body gives you extra oxygen needed during exercise

  Inhaling and Exhaling more deeply

  Heart pumps faster to deliver more oxygen around the body
• Give the two types of white blood cells


  Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
• How do Lymphocytes destroy pathogens?


  Releasing antibodies
• How do phagocytes destroy pathogen?

  Phagocytosis - engulfing them
• Describe the blood’s journey throughout the heart and body


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