Spiritual Self

• Body points to his relationship with the material world
• Soul is directed towards his relationship with the spiritual world.
• SPIRITUAL SELF is who we are at our core. It is more permanent than the other two selves (material and social self).
• As mentioned by L. Mercado (1994) “the spirit in the Hebrew language is ruach or pneuma in Greek which means breath (breath of life).
• SOUL in Hebrew, nephesh or in Greek psyche originally meaning ‘throat’ or ‘neck’ which means ‘human life’
• According to Demetrio et al in the book “The Soul According to Indigenous Filipino”, kaluluwa, kararwa, kadkadduwa all come from the root word duwa, which means two.
• The soul has two existences- one physical that is connected to the human body and its life, the other is spiritual where it exists on its own.
• Two things are considered in the evaluation of one’s spiritual self: Belief and Practice
• •       Belief- sets the foundation for one’s actions.

                  - Unlimited, no boundaries.
• •       Practice- action which manifests one’s belief.

                  - Limited by the laws and rules

   
• 1.      Christians- Man was created in the image of God
• 1.      Buddhism and Hinduism- Man’s goal is to reach Nirvana

  • There is no personal God
• 3.      Muslim- one who surrenders and submits to Allah and his laws.
• 3.      Protestantism- Salvation through Jesus Christ
• 3.      Indigenous beliefs- Animism, inanimate objects are worshiped
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  According to Durkheim, religious rituals involve the community, whereas magic involves the individual only.
• Magic- (not the same as the illusion or tricks). It is a method that interface with the supernatural and by which people can bring about particular outcomes. Gives people a sense of control on what is going to happen.
• WITCHCRAFT

  For as long as somebody wills evil in another, that is witchcraft.

   

  Often associated with the work of the devil.
• Logotherapy - existential approach to psychological practice
• CREATIVE VALUES

  • By creating a work or doing a deed- find value in the things that we do.
• EXPERIENTIAL VALUES

  • By experiencing something or encountering someone. When people experience something positive like goodness, love, beauty or just merely experiencing culture and nature.
• ATTITUDINAL VALUES

  • By the attitude we take toward unavoidable suffering. This emphasizes that even in suffering, one can find meaning in life where one can turn one’s predicament into triumph. (ex, Sacrifice)