Para 1 - opposition (peasantry)

• Peasantry


  Opposition to Tsars
• Why Tsars


  • Peasants suffered from misery from the famine, due to the delayed reforms to help e.g Alexander II
  • Redemptive payments left peasants heavily mortgaged
• Why Communists


  Taxation burden too heavy
• Gentry continued to exploit the peasantry land
• Peasant uprisings after the emancipation


  Demands for land were high
• 730 accounts of uprisings which showed discontent of reforms - no change
• Peasants were controlled by mir and given worst land
• Nicholas II


  1905 revolution
• Both peasants and workers wanted change
• Stolypin reforms


  1. Aimed to create stable peasantry by creation of independent peasant land from communal land

  2. Often disrupted village life
• Disruption of village life

  Led to further grief
• Alexander III


  Opposition from peasants
• Able to present major uprisings due to reducing power of zemstvos and placed peasant communed under control of land captains
• Removed salt and poll tax in 1881, led to peasants being able to sell goods at high prices and have better quality of life
• Provisional Government


  Failed to achieve the three major issues
• Three major issues


  • Economic problems
  • Continuation of war
  • Demands for land
• Khrushchev


  Opposition from Novocherkassk uprising
• Failed opposition - Massacred by KGB led to 22 people dying
• Lenin


  Failed opposition
• Creation of 7 new concentration camps and he sent several thousand peasants who disagreed with war communist and grain requisitioning plans