Physics Paper 1 Topics

• acronym for remembering all the forms of energy

  Most Kids Hate Learning GCSE Energy Names
• list the GCSE energy forms

  Magnetic, Kinetic, Heat, Light, Gravitational potential, Chemical, Sound, Electrical, Elastic potential, Nuclear
• define kinetic energy


  the energy an object has due to its motion
• Define elastic potential energy

  potential energy due to compression or expansion of an elastic object
• the extension of a spring is ________ to the __________ applied

  directly proportional, force
• what is a spring's limit of proportionality

  the point at which the force applied to a spring is so great that the extension and force are no longer directly proportional
• what happens to the elasticity of a spring when it surpasses its limit of proportionality


  it changes, wont return to its original length when the force is taken away
• Define gravitational potential energy


  Energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface.
• define thermal energy


  Energy stored in the motions of the particles (molecules and atoms) of a substance
• define a system


  an object or group of objects
• when a system changes, what happens

  the way energy is stored also changes
• 2 types of system

  open and closed
• define an open system


  influenced by its external environment
• define a closed system


  exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings
• 2 examples of a change in a system

  ball rolling to hit a wall, vehicle slowing down
• what does a closed system not consider

  friction
• describe what happens to the way energy is stored when a ball rolls to hit a wall (2)

  the system is the rolling ball, when it hits the wall some kinetic energy is transferred as sound
• what process does friction cause

  kinetic energy to be transferred to thermal energy
• describe what happens at the fixed point of a pendulum as it swings in terms of energy

  friction occurs in the fixed point, kinetic energy transferred to thermal, air and point get warmer, the pendulum swings with less energy and eventually stops
• why is it that once a bungee jumper starts their descent, they never return to their original position

  some of their kinetic energy has dissipated as thermal energy, due to friction with air particles, rope isn't fully elastic
• define work


  transfer of energy from one store to another
• 2 types of work are

  electrical, mechanical
• define mechanical work


  using a force to move an object
• define electrical work


  using current to transfer energy
• describe what happens to the way energy is stored when a vehicle slows down (3)

  the System is the vehicle, when it slows down, kinetic transfers to thermal due to friction between wheels and brakes
• internal energy is


  the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
• Heating changes the energy stored within the system by

  increasing the energy of the particles that make up the system
• what does increasing the energy of particles making up a system do? (2)

  raises the temperature of the system, produces a change of state
• If the temperature of the system increases, the increase in temperature depends on (3)

  the mass of the substance heated, the type of material, the energy input to the system
• shc formula


  E = m x shc x (tc)
• whats the change in thermal energy measured in

  joules
• mass is measured in

  kg
• shc is measured in

  j/kg C
• The specific heat capacity of a substance is

  the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius
• The energy needed for a substance to change state is called


  specific latent heat
• When a change of state occurs, the energy supplied changes

  internal energy, but not the temperature
• The specific latent heat of a substance is

  the amount of energy required

  to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature
• latent heat equation


  e = m x l
• latent heat is measured in

  j/kg
• Specific latent heat of fusion

  Change of state between solid and liquid