classical conditioning

• main psychologist= Pavlov
• Pavlov did research on dogs
• Whenever Pavlov fed his dogs he also rang a bell. Eventually when he rang a bell they would start salivating (indicating theyre ready for food)- they had come to associate bells with food
• BEFORE CONDITIONING

  • food is the UCS which triggers salivation which is the UCR
• DURING CONDITIONING

  • UCS of food repeatedly paired with another stimulus of the bell which is a NS
  • this triggers salivation, an UCR
• AFTER CONDITIONING

  • over time the bell becomes a CS and triggers salivation the CR
• principles of classical conditioning

  • generalisation- when a stimuli similar to the original CS can also produce the CR
  • discrimination- when a stimuli similar to the original CS does NOT produce the CR. This can be achieved by withhholding the UCS
  • extinction- when the CS cant produce the CR bc the CS has been repeatedly presented without the UCS
  • spontaneous recovery- when a previously extinct CR is produced by the CS
  • higher order conditioning- when a new CS produces the CR cos the new CS is associated with the original CS
• Watson and Rayner- Little albert

  • baby shown a white rat (NS) paired with a loud noise (UCS) to produce fear (CR)
  • Eventually the white rat became a CS and produced the CR fear response
  • albert was also scared of other white fluffy things like santa