Normans 1

• Who became King of England in 1016?

  Canute
• Who was married to Emma of Normandy?

  Aethelred
• When did Edward the Confessor become King of England?

  1042
• Who was the most powerful earl at the time?

  Godwin, Earl of Wessex
• Who were the four claimants to the throne in 1066?

  Edgar Aetheling, Harald Hardrada, Harold Godwinson, William of Normandy
• What is an advantage of Edgar Aetheling's claim to the throne?

  He is the nearest blood relative of Edward the Confessor
• What is a disadvantage of Edgar Aetheling's claim to the throne?

  He was only 14 years old, with no money, soldiers, or military experience
• What was the group of English advisors to the King called?

  The Witangemot
• What is an advantage of Harald Hardrada's claim to the throne?

  He was an experienced ruler and fierce warrior, supported by Tostig
• What is a disadvantage of Harald Hardrada's claim to the throne?

  He was not a blood relative of Edward the Confessor
• What is an advantage of William of Normandy's claim to the throne?

  He was promised the throne by Edward the Confessor
• What is a disadvantage of William of Normandy's claim to the throne?

  He was not English and only a very distant relation of Edward's
• What is an advantage of Harold Godwinson's claim to the throne?

  He was an experienced warrior and had promised to support Edward's claim
• What is a disadvantage of Harold Godwinson's claim to the throne?

  He was only a very distant relation of Edward's
• What was the Anglo-Saxon name for the peasant army?

  Fyrd
• What were the two main weaknesses of the Fyrd army?

  No cavalry and no archers
• In what month in 1066 did Tostig attack the Sussex and Lincolnshire coast?


  May
• When did Harold send his army home?

  8 September 1066
• How many ships did Hardrada arrive with?

  300
• When was the Battle of Fulford?

  20 September 1066
• When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

  25 September 1066
• How many ships did Hardrada's forces return home with?

  24
• When did William land at Pevensey?

  28 September 1066
• Why did William choose Pevensey to land?

  It provided protection and safety to land troops and supplies
• How long did it take Harold to cover the 200 miles?

  1. 5 days
• When was the Battle of Hastings?

  14 October 1066
• What was the hill called that Harold based his army on?

  Senlac Hill
• State one reason why William won the Battle of Hastings.

  Better tactics and effective leadership
• When was William crowned King?

  25 December 1066
• State three ways William tried to establish legitimacy.

  • Writs written in English until the 1070s
  • Stigand remained Archbishop of Canterbury until 1070
  • English lands pledged loyalty to him and were allowed to keep land
• How did William deal with the land belonging to those who had died at Hastings?

  He seized the land and gave it to Normans
• In what year was the Harrying of the North?

  1069
• How many were supposedly killed during the Harrying?

  100,000
• What was the name of the rebel from Lincolnshire who rebelled in 1070-71?

  Hereward the Wake
• What was the name of the oath given by Edward promising the throne of England to William of Normandy?

  Novissima Verbe
• What was the name of the oath given to Harold Godwinson by Edward on his death bed?

  Novissima Verbe
• When did Edward die?

  5 January 1066
• When was Harold crowned king?

  6 January 1066
• What was the Anglo-Saxon name for the professional soldiers?

  Housecarls
• What was the name of the Danish King who helped Swain in the rebellion in 1070?

  Swain Forkbeard