The 4D's

• what are the 4DS


  useful in summarising how mental health professionals might define abnormality

  Davis suggests that using the 4Ds can help practioners to see when a condition may need the DSM
• 1. Deviance


  refers to behaviour and emotions that are not norm in society

  not only at the behaviours and emotions have to deviate from society- they must aslo be seen as unacceptable
• 2- dysfunction


  refers to behaviour is significantly interferring with the persons life then an mental health illness may be present

  when behaviour effects every day tasks
• 3- distress


  when someone with a disorder has negative feelings

  feelings of distress and beahviour is causing upset to individual
• 4- danger


  refers to danger to others and themselves

  violent behaviour towards others

  2 key elements- danger to themself and to others
• the 5th D


  duration- refers to the length of the time teh individual has symptoms for
• strengths


  Davis has shown the 4Ds can be used with DSM-IV-TR

  Supports validility ofDSM as focuses on specific Ds
• weaknesses


  lack of objectivity

  insufficeint as added the 5th D