Order

• Chapter 1 (Piggy) --> "Aren't there any grown-ups at all?"

  Chapter 12 (Naval officer) --> "Are there any adults- any grown-ups with you?"

  
  

  Cyclical structure/ parallels
• Savagery:

  -Golding suggests the boys find their responsibilities as arduous --> later abandon their duties

  -the choir hunt instead of tending the signal fire, the older boys do little work building the huts, the littluns do no work

  
  

  Later the rules established are adhered to less and less

  E.g. Chapter 5: "Bollocks to the rules!" (Jack)

  This culminates in chapter 11: "the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist"

  Suggests it's human nature to act naturally on our own impulses: issue is that in in rejecting collective responsibility humans turn to barbarism
• "Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Spill her blood" -Chapter 4

  Jack's hunters chant as a group after their first successful hunt, and shows that they prefer to enact violence as a mob, rather than as individuals.

  Their chanting shows their cohesion, and their delight over killing becomes ritualistic.

  They become more primal, and their chant is monosyllabic: suggesting their own language is less civilised.

  It is also vicseral (e.g "throat" and "blood"), and violent- suggesting savagery
• "I agree with Ralph. We've got to have rules and obey them. After all, we're not savages" --> structured, ordered society; initial leadership

  
  

  "We'll have rules!... Lots of rules! Then when anyone breaks 'em-" --> stated later in the same meeting

  
  

  When Jack talks of creating rules, he isn't thinking of how they might benefit others --> if Jack makes the rules he gains authority, and if anyone breaks the rules Jack believes he has a right to punish them.

  Reflects Jack's qualities of a totalitarian ruler, and his desire for power

  Foreshadows his capacity for violence
• "Which is better- to have rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?" (Piggy) --> just before Piggy is killed

  "Bollocks to the rules! We're strong- we hunt!" (Jack) --> argument between Jack and Ralph

  Sums up Golding's central question in the book: if humans prefer to work as a community, or act as individuals following their base instincts

  Piggy's plea allows Golding to contrast the leadership styles: Ralph has attempted to establish rules that work for all of the boys, "agree" --> idea of consensus and democracy

  Jack prioritises personal freedom