Long term

• Long term effects on muscular system: muscular hypertrophy ( increase in size and thickness of muscle) and increase in strength
• Long term effect on the skeletal system: increased bone density, increase in strength of ligaments and tendons (less likely for injury)
• Long term effects on training: train longer, train more intensely, train more frequently, do more in sessions ( recover quicker)
• Long term effect on the respiratory system : increase lung capacity, increase alveoli, increase in the strength of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
• Long term effect on vascular system: decrease in blood pressure, increase in red blood cells, increase in capillarisation ( more efficient gas exchange) increase in elasticity of vessels, increase cardiac output, cardiac hypertrophy, faster recovery rate, decrease in resting heart rate, increase in stroke volume and a greater training zone
• Regular exercise leads to adaptations to body systems which benefit health and fitness improving performance