Functions of the skin

• Body maintains thermoregulation through

  Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation
• Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

  Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
• Skin (integumentary system)


  is the largest organ of the body. A strong barrier designed to protect us from the outside elements.
• The basic building blocks for our body's tissue are

  proteins
• Six Primary Functions of Skin

  Protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion, secretion, absorption
• Acid Mantle averages what pH?

  5.5
• Barrier Function


  the skin's mechanism that protects us from irritation and intracellular transpidermal water loss (TEWL)
• Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

  Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
• Melanin


  pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin that gives skin some protection from the sun.
• The body's average internal thermostat is set at

  98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
• Body maintains thermoregulation through

  Evaporation, perspiration, radiation, and insulation
• sudoriferous glands


  glands that secrete sweat to the outside of the body; also assist in body temperature regulation
• Sebum


  is an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles
• Sebaceous Glands


  oil glands, are appendages attached to the follicles that produce sebum
• Estheticians are licensed to work on:

  epidermis only
• Melanocytes


  are cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer
• Melanosomes


  produce a complex protein, melanin which determines skin, eye, and hair color.
• Tyrosinase


  Is the enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin
• Genetic skin color are to due

  the amount of melanin activated in the skin and the way it is distributed
• Melanin production


  melanocytes are cells that produce pigment granules called melanosomes.

  
  

  melanosomes carry and produce the protein called melanin

  
  

  melanin is transferred to cells from melanosomes through dendrite branches
• Nerves


  cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimulii and motor impulses pass between the brain of other parts of the central nervous system
• Motor/ Efferent nerves


  nerve fibers that convey impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles or glands. Stimulate muscles such as the arrector pili muscles, ( Signaling to the brain. Takes longer for the brain to achieve, is used for processes such as typing or other learned movements)
• Sensory/ Afferent nerves


  send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, pain, pressure, or touch. ( Don't require signaling to the brain. Impulsive movements to move body away from danger.)
• In order to survive, cells need these important elements

  nourishment, protection, ability to function properly, and continual replacement or proliferation
• T - Cells


  cells that identify molecules that have foreign peptides and help regulate immune system response.
• Acid mantle 


  Protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water
• Hydrolipidic Film 


  provides an oil water balance on the skins surface
• Skin


  • Thin, yet strong, protective barrier to outside elements and microorganisms
  • Has many defense mechanisms to protect the body from injury and invasion
• Sebum


  Oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and hair
• Acid mantle


  • Protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water
  • Provides an oil-water balance on the skin's surface
  • Has an average pH of 5.5
• Barrier function


  Skin's mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
• Lipids


  Protective oils that are part of the intercellular matrix (fluid) between epidermal cells
• Melanocytes


  Cells that produce pigment and protect our bodies from harmful ionizing UV rays
• Melanin


  Pigment produced by melanocytes that travels to the surface to shield the skin from the negative effects of the sun
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF)


  Hormone that stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
• Fibroblasts


  Cell stimulators that trigger skin cells to rejuvenate
• Thermoregulation


  1. Evaporation

  2. Perspiration

  3. Radiation

  4. Insulation
• Arrector pili muscles


  Muscles attached to hair follicles that contract to cause goosebumps and warm the skin
• Sudoriferous glands


  Also known as sweat glands, excrete perspiration to prevent the body from overheating
• Sebaceous glands


  Also known as oil glands, produce sebum to keep the skin soft and protected