Experiment 9

• What is the title of experiment 9?

  Analysis of Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives
• True or False: Important chemical property of carboxylic acids is their acidic behavior.

  True
• The _ attached to oxygen of the carboxyl group gives carboxylic acid their acidic character.

  hydrogen
• The replacement of the -OH group of the acid by the -OR group of the alcohol forms an

  ester
• True or False: Carboxylic acids readily undergo oxidation.

  False
• Carboxylic acids such like _ and _ can be oxidized by reagents such as KMnO4 (Potassium Permanganate), K2Cr2O7 (Potassium dichromate), and Tollens' reagent.

  a-hydroxy acids

  multifunctional acids
• Acid derivatives undergo _ substitution at the carbonyl carbon.

  nucleophilic
• List the reactions of acid derivatives:

  Hydrolysis

  Alcoholysis

  Ammonolysis

  Hydroxamic acid test
• Another name for alcoholysis:

  Schotten-Baumann reaction
• List the reactions of Carboxylic acids:

  Test for Acidity

  Ester Formation

  Oxidation
• All acid derivatives react with _ to give carboxylic acids.

  water
• _ are less reactive with water and hydrolyze only in the presence of an acid or base catalyst.

  Ester
• Low molecular weight _ and _ react rapidly with water.

  acid chlorides

  acid anhydrides
• _ undergo hydrolysis only when boiled with acidic or basic solution.

  Amides
• Nucleophilic substitution reactions of acid chlorides and acid anhydrides with alcohols give

  esters
• The reactive hydrogen of the alcohol is replaced by the _ group of the acid chloride and anhydride.

  acyl
• The Schotten-Baumann reaction is a method of converting an alcohol into ester with

  benzoyl chloride
• What are produced by the reaction of ammonia and esters?

  Amides
• Acid derivatives can be made to react with _ to form hydroxamic acid.

  hydroxylamine
• The reaction of hydroxylamine and acid derivatives form

  hydroxamic acid
• Hydroxamic acid and FeCl3 (iron chloride) forms a

  ferric hydroxamate complex
• What color is ferric hydroxamate complex?

  red or violet
• What are the three test compounds used in the Test for Acidity?

  formic acid

  acetic acid

  benzoic acid
• In the test for acidity, the 3 test compounds are added with pure water except for

  benzoic acid
• In the test for acidity, benzoic acid is added with a mixture of _ and _.

  ethanol and water
• Test for Acidity: For benzoic acid, what percentage was the ethanol?

  95%
• Test for Acidity: For the solvent of benzoic acid, what was the ratio of ethanol and water?

  1:1
• What were the reagents used for the test of Ester Formation?

  ethanol

  acetic acid

  H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)
• How many drops of conc. H2SO4 was added in ester formation?

  1 to 2
• In the test of Oxidation, what were added to the test compounds?

  10% aqueous K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate)

  6M H2SO4
• What were the test compounds for the Oxidation?

  formic acid

  acetic acid

  oxalic acid

  citric acid
• List the test compounds used in Hydrolysis.

  acetyl chloride

  ethyl acetate

  acetamide
• What test compound was used in the Hydrolysis of Acid Chloride?

  acetyl chloride
• What test compound was used in the Hydrolysis of an Ester?

  ethyl acetate
• What test compound was used in the Hydrolysis of an Amide?

  acetamide
• In Hydrolysis, what paper were added in each test tubes?

  litmus
• What is the test compound in Alcoholysis?

  benzoyl chloride
• What are the test compounds in Ammonolysis?

  acetyl chloride

  acetic anhydride
• List the test compounds used in Hydroxamic Acid test.

  ethyl acetate

  acetamide

  acetic anhydride

  benzoyl chloride
• In ammonolysis, 10 drops of _ was added to each test compounds?

  aniline