human diseases caused by bacterias

• infectious diseases are caused by what?

  microbes
• types of microbes


  bacteria, fungi, virus, parasites
• symptoms of these diseases depend on these

  location, nature of the infection and type of microbes
• they obligate intracellular parasites, do not have a proper cellular organization, smaller than bacteria and are not susceptible to antibiotics

  viruses
• size of a virus

  20-400 nm
• layers/parts of viruses


  lipoprotein envelope, capsid, genetic material, glycoproteins, genome, coat
• repeated protein subunits


  capsids
• dna or rna


  genetic material
• different shape of viruses

  hiv, hepatitis a, ebola virus, adenovirus, influenza, bacteriophage
• sexually transmitted disease through oral, vaginal and oral sex. the late case of HIV.

  AIDS
• meaning of AIDS


  acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
• its origin and first case reported to have aids on

  chimpanzee, new york usa 1981
• mode of transmission

  • sexual intercourse
  • blood to blood contact
  • mother to child through pregnancy
  • close contact between infected and non infected through cuts an open wounds
• HIV is not transmitted through:

  • air, water
  • saliva, sweat, tears, kissing
  • insects, pets
  • sharing toilets and foods
• symptoms of HIV

  • swollen lymph nodes
  • night sweats
  • mouth ulcers
  • fatigue
  • chills
  • muscle aches
  • rash
  • fever
• treatments

  • highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
  • Truvada treatment
  • treatment of secondary infections
• combination of 3 antiretroviral drugs to maximally suppress the HIV and stop the progression of the disease.

  highly active antiretroviral syndrome
• preexposure prophylaxis 


  Truvada treatment
• viral infection causing nerve injury leading to partial or full paralysis.

  poliomyelitis
• causative agent, and mode of transmission of poliomyelitis

  polio virus through ingestion of fecal contaminated food and water
• Viruses within the human feces

  Remain viable for 3-4 months
• Viruses in sewage


  Remain viable for 6 months
• In early stage, it also sheds in throat infection
• Incubation period


  1. 14 days
• Target site of action

  anterior horn cells of the spinal cord
• polio vaccination

  • Jonas Salk (1955) - oral polio vaccine (opv)
  • Albert Sabin (1963) - injectable polio vaccine (ipv)
• came from varicella zoster virus 


  chicken pox
• incubation period of a person with chicken pox

  1-21 days
• source of infection of chicken pox

  skin, buccal mucosa lesion, vesicular fluid, aerosols
• treatment (takahashi)


  OKA Strain, acyclovir, famciclovir tablets, zuvicella
• inflammatory condition of the liver

  hepatitis
• causative agent of hepa

  hepatitis virus
• types of hepatitis that are transmitted through the ingestion of fecal contaminated food and water (ex: maduming/sobrang pagkain ng street foods)


  hepatitis a and e
• transmitted through various bodily fluids 


  hepatitis b, c and d
• symptoms of hepatitis

  • fatigue
  • yellowing of eyes and skin
  • stomach ache
  • vomiting
  • dark urine
  • liver cirrhosis
• viral disease caused by the saliva of infected animals that leads to brain inflammation 


  rabies
• causative agent and incubation period of an infected person with rabies

  rabies virus, 20-90 days
• Animal Symptoms


  • Hypersensitive to light, touch and sound
  • Unusual eating
  • Foaming at the mouth
  • Paralysis
  • Weakness, seizures and sudden death
• Symptoms of Rabies in Humans

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Extreme tiredness
  • Muscle aches
  • Numbness or tingling at the bite or scratch
  • Brain inflammation
  • Seizures
  • Confusion
  • Coma
• treatment of rabies

  • anti-rabies vaccine
  • pre-exposure - 3 dose
  • post-exposure - 5 dose